Quest 1

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Compound

A pure substance made from two or more elements.

Element

A pure substance made from only one kind of atom.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture in which different parts are visible.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that looks the same throughout.

Mixture

A combination of pure substances.

Pure Substance

Matter made up of only one kind of particle.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of a substance in a liquid.

Physical Property

Describes physical appearance, e.g., hard, small, state of matter.

Chemical Property

Describes the ability of a substance to change into something else, e.g., reactivity, combustibility, color change.

Physical Change

A change in a substance not involving a change in chemical identity, e.g., change in state.

Chemical Change

A change that results in a new substance with new products, e.g., moldy sandwich.

Periods (Periodic Table)

Rows, same number of energy shells.

Groups/Families (Periodic Table)

Columns, same number of valence electrons.

Alkali Metals

Silver grey, malleable, ductile, conductive, low melting point, soft, reacts with water and air.

Halogens

Non-metals, colorful, slight heating forms of gasses, very reactive, used as a disinfectant.

Atom

Made of 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons.

Protons

Subatomic particles with a positive charge, found in the nucleus.

Neutrons

Subatomic particles that do not have a charge (neutral), found in the nucleus.

Electrons

Subatomic particles that have a negative charge, found in energy shells that orbit the nucleus.

Atomic Mass

Average mass of an element’s atoms, total mass of neutrons and protons.

Atoms vs Ions

Atoms have the same number of electrons as their atomic number; ions have gained or lost electrons, giving them a charge.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed when an atom or molecule gains electrons.

Cation

Positively charged ions formed when an atom or molecule loses electrons.