Quest 1

Feb 23rd: Chemistry Quest 1

MATTER:

Matter is anything that has mass, and takes up space. (Volume)

Compound: a pure substance made from two or more elements

Element: A pure substance made from only one kind of atom

Heterogeneous mixture: a mixture in which different parts are visible 

Homogeneous mixture: a mixture that looks the same throughout 

Mixture: a combination of pure substances

Pure Substance: matter made up of only one kind of particle

Solution: a homogeneous mixture of a substance in a liquid

Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

Physical Property: Describes physical appearance 

Eg. Hard, Small, State of matter

Chemical Property: Describes the ability of a substance or substances to change into something else.

Eg. Reactivity, combustibility, colour change

Physical Change: Any change in a substance not involving a change in chemical identity.

Eg. change in state

Chemical Change: Any change that results in a new substance with new products

Eg. mouldy sandwich

PERIODIC TABLE:

Periods: Rows, same # of energy shells

Groups/families: Columns, same # valence electrons (valence electrons found in outermost shell).

Alkali Metals: Silver grey, malleable, ductile, conductive, low melting point, soft, reacts with water and air.

Halogens: Non-metals, colourful, slight heating forms of gasses, very reactive, used as a disinfectant

Atom: Made of 3 subatomic particles, protons, neutrons, electrons.

Protons: Subatomic particles with a positive charge (found in nucleus)

Neutrons: Subatomic particles that do not have a charge (neutral). Found in nucleus

Electrons: Subatomic particles that have a negative charge (found in energy shells that orbit the nucleus)

Atomic Mass: Average mass of an element’s atoms. Total mass of neutrons and protons. 

#protons + #neutrons = Atomic Mass

ATOMS VS IONS:

Atoms: Have the same # of electrons as its atomic #

Ions: an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a charge. Ions want a full valence shell.

Anions: negatively charged ions. These are formed when an atom or molecule gains electrons.

Cation: Positively charged ions. These are formed when an atom or molecule loses electrons.