Matter and Atoms

Spectrums

Spectrums

________ are unique to each element, and could be used to identify elements.

Neutrons

________ are also located in the nucleus.

Octet Rule

________: States that the atoms would tend to lose /gain /share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons, which is 8 electrons.

Ernest Rutherford

________: Gold foil experiment involved during the firing of radioactive particles through thin gold foils and observed them.

Billiard Ball Model

________: John Dalton viewed the atom as a small solid sphere.

Composition

________ is in a fixed ratio: meaning the ratio cant be varied and the compound still being the same thing.

Electrons

________ have negative charge.

electron

When the ________ falls back down to the ground, it releases energy and gives off light energy or a spectrum.

Greek philosopher

________ proposed that all matter was composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms (which is Greek for uncuttable)

Plumb Pudding Model

________: J.J. Thompson proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive electricity with negative particles imbedded throughout after discovering the electron (1897)

materials properties

Any of a(n) ________ that becomes evident during a chemical reaction.

Examples

Any element on the periodic table

A substance that are made up of 2+ different elements, and can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances

always in the same ratio by mass

Example

Water (H2O) is always 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule

Example

Air

Example

Chocolate Chip Cookies

[EXTRA note

Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element… meaning theyll have different chemical and physical properties]

Example

water and sand (filtering)

composition is in a fixed ratio

meaning the ratio cant be varied and the compound still being the same thing

Example

water and sand

Example

water and alcohol

Example

separation of plant pigments

Examples

Boiling point, Taste, Odor, Dissolves in water, Luster, Density, Hardness, etc

Examples

Flammability, Ability to Rust

Democritus

a fifth century B.C

Billiard Ball Model

John Dalton viewed the atom as a small solid sphere

Plumb Pudding Model

J.J. Thompson proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive electricity with negative particles imbedded throughout after discovering the electron (1897)

It looks like a plum pudding

)

Electron Cloud Model

An atom consists of a dense nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons that exist in different clouds at the various energy levels

Ernest Rutherford

Gold foil experiment involved during the firing of radioactive particles through thin gold foils and observed them

They determine the identity of each element

Also represents the atomic number

Atomic Number

Numbers of Protons

Atomic Mass

Numbers of Protons + Neutrons

Valence Electrons

The amount of electrons an element has on their most outermost shell

Octet Rule

States that the atoms would tend to lose/gain/share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons, which is 8 electrons

Ground State

Electrons are in their lowest energy levels, or their normal energy levels

Excited State

When heat, electricity, or light would move the electron up to different energy levels