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34 Terms

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Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

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Right Ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

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Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.

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Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.

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Tricuspid Valve

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle, controlling blood flow between these chambers.

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Pulmonary Valve

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, ensuring unidirectional blood flow.

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Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Located between the left atrium and left ventricle, regulating blood flow.

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Aortic Valve

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing backflow.

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Arteries

Carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

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Veins

Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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Capillaries

Tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins, facilitating the exchange of nutrients and waste with tissues.

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Systolic Pressure

The maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta.

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Diastolic Pressure

The pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood.

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Cardiac Output (CO)

The total amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, calculated by the formula CO = SV x HR.

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Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

A simple test that compares the blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs.

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A condition where arteries that carry blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow.

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SA Node

The heart's natural pacemaker.

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AV Node

Acts as a gatekeeper between the atria and ventricles.

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Bundle of His

Carries electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles of the heart.

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Purkinje Fibers

Specialized fibers that help to coordinate a coordinated contraction of the heart's pumping chambers.

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P Wave

Represents depolarization of the atria.

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QRS Complex

Denotes the depolarization of the ventricles.

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T Wave

Represents repolarization of the ventricles.

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Tidal Volume

The amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

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Inspiratory Reserve Volume

The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation.

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Expiratory Reserve Volume

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.

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Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation.

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Residual Volume

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after expiration.

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Total Lung Capacity

The total volume of air the lungs can hold.

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Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin that provides a waterproof barrier.

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Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that supports and senses.

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Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue (Hypodermis)

The layer of fat that cushions and insulates the body.

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Antigen

A substance that triggers an immune response.

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Antibody

A Y-shaped protein that helps the immune system fight harmful antigens.