Biology Exam Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts from biology, including the properties of water, protein structures, nucleotides, acids and bases, and genetic information.

What is adhesion in relation to water molecules?

Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to a different molecule.

What is cohesion in relation to water molecules?

Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules.

What are the types of secondary protein structures?

Beta-pleated sheet and alpha-helix.

Which of the following amino acids is NOT aromatic?

Alanine.

What is the definition of a nucleotide?

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

What characterizes an acid according to its effect on hydrogen ion concentration?

Acids increase hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

What term describes the movement of tiny bacteria toward light?

Phototaxis.

What process forms large macromolecules from monomers?

Dehydration reactions.

What is the atomic number of an element equal to?

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

What is true about isotopes of an element?

All isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Which function group is considered hydrophobic?

Methyl group (-CH3).

What is the sugar present in RNA but NOT in DNA?

Ribose.

What common feature is shared between plant cells and animal cells?

Both may have a cell membrane but not necessarily a cell wall.

What is the result of a single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia?

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine.

What is a major element for the human body that is NOT required?

Vanadium.

What is the hierarchy of organization from largest to smallest?

Biosphere -> Ecosystem -> Community -> Population -> Organism.

What type of bonds hold two strands of DNA together?

Hydrogen bonds.

What type of glycosidic linkages are present in cellulose?

Beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages.

What is the definition of a scientific theory?

A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and has not been falsified.

Which condition is caused by iodine deficiency?

Goiter.

What is TRUE about phospholipids?

They are amphipathic molecules; having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

What does glucose and glucose make?

Maltose

What does glucose and fructose make?

Sucrose

Amylose and amylopectin

Amylose is unbranched while amylopectin is branched

Which of the following amino acids is NOT aromatic?

Alanine.

What is the definition of a nucleotide?

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

What do peptide bonds connect?

Amino acid

What term describes the movement of tiny bacteria toward light?

Phototaxis.

What process forms large macromolecules from monomers?

Dehydration reactions.

What is the atomic number of an element equal to?

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

What is true about isotopes of an element?

All isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Which function group is considered hydrophobic?

Methyl group (-CH_3).

What is the sugar present in RNA but NOT in DNA?

Ribose.

What common feature is shared between plant cells and animal cells?

Both may have a cell membrane but not necessarily a cell wall.

What is the result of a single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia?

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine.

What is a major element for the human body that is NOT required?

Vanadium.

What is the hierarchy of organization from largest to smallest?

Biosphere -> Ecosystem -> Community -> Population -> Organism.

What type of bonds hold two strands of DNA together?

Hydrogen bonds.

What type of glycosidic linkages are present in cellulose?

\beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages.

What is the definition of a scientific theory?

A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and has not been falsified.

Which condition is caused by iodine deficiency?

Goiter.

What is TRUE about phospholipids?

They are amphipathic molecules; having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.