Unit ? Flashcards

AP European History

Feudalism

A system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return

Third World

Countries that were economically poor and non-industrialized, including regions like Africa, parts of Asia, and Latin America

Metternich of Austria

Advocate of conservatism who maintained the power of balance

Mazzini of Italy

Inspired many to join the movement for Italian unification through his writings

Cavour of Italy

Played a diplomatic role in defeating Austria to pave the way for Italian unification

Garibaldi of Italy

Military leader who led the Red Shirts

Bismarck of Germany

Created realpolitik and was the first chancellor of the German Empire

Wilhelm I of Germany

Marked the beginning of the German Empire after Bismarck

Napoleon III of France

Created a strong army, especially during the Crimean War

Charles Darwin

Proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, with the phrase "Origin of Species" referring to the evolution of species from earlier ancestors

Herbert Spencer

Known as the father of "Social Darwinism," which implied survival of the fittest in the social world

Romanticism

Emphasized emotion over reason, nature, mystification, and individualism in contrast to realism

Realism

Focuses on everyday occurrences in a realistic setting, opposite of romanticism

Crimean War

Started by disputes over Ottoman Empire land, ended by the Treaty of Paris which limited Russia's power

Russian Reform

Emancipation of serfs in 1861, France bought western Africa, Britain focused on improving lives and education

1905 Russian Revolution

Sparked by Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese war, led to minor restrictions on the Tsar and allowed Lenin to seize power

Bismarck's Unification Goals

Strengthened Protestant Prussia, expanded military power through separate wars with Austria, Denmark, and France

Irish Question

Ireland's demand for independence and the proposal of a dual monarchy like Austria-Hungary

Evolution Marxism

Reformed Marxism by Eduard Bernstein to reflect new realities, focusing on reformism, democratic processes, and revising economic predictions

Imperialist Expansion

Driven by competition, nationalism, leading to plantations, erosion of indigenous populations, redrawing of borders, and a new global economy