AP Euro 1.2 Italian Renaissance

Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome, pushed secularism in Italy, started in peninsula due to trade routes

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements, centered on individualism and secularism

Petrarch

Father of Humanism, studied Cicero in detail, advocate for vernacular language, poet

Cicero

Wrote letters to Atticus, document of life and beliefs of Ancient Rome

Lorenzo Valla

Humanist figure, used Philological study of words to prove Donation of Constantine was a forgery, discrediting Papal authority to an extent

Marsilio Ficino

Founded the Platonic Academy at the behest of Cosimo de' Medici in the 1460s. Translated Plato's works into Latin (neopaticism), giving modern Europeans access to these works for the fist time, studied platonicism,

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man, weaving ideas of Christianity and humanism together, emphasized natural gifts of man

Leonardo Bruni

First to use the term "humanism"

Among the most important of the civic humanists

Served as a chancellor in Florence

Wrote a history of Florence, perhaps the first modern

history, and wrote a narrative using primary source

documents and the division of historical periods

civic humanist culture

An intellectual movement in the Italian Renassiance that saw Cicero, who was both intellectual movement and a statesman, as the ideal and held that humanists should be involved in government and use their rhetorical training in the service of the state

Baldassre Castiglione

Wrote the Book of the Courtier which describes the manners, skills, learning, and virtues a member of the court should have.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means." Former diplomat before Republic of Florence fell

Francesco Guicciardini

A historian during the Renaissance that brought a modern look at the history of Florence and Rome which had not been done as well before, friend of MAchiavelli, govenor for a time

Naturalism

A style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail, Renaissance style of art

Filippo Brusnelleschi

Architect, rebuilt Church of San Lorenzo

Donatello

Florentine artist, trained as a goldsmith, contributed to creation of bronze doors to Florence Baptistry, later created statue of David (mini)

Michaelangelo

An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David, studied at Platonic Academy

Raphael

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens, Portrait of Castelgione

Leon Battista Alberti

Came up with the concept of creating a "perfect" individual during the Renaissance which included; Having a high regard for human dignity, A realization of all people, and having an ability to have many achievements, used math in art

Andrea Palladio

The father of modern picture books of Architecture, created palaces through studying Roman architecture

Titan

Venus with a mirror, Sacred and Profane Live

Botticelli

Florentine painter, created secular works, decorated Sistine Chapel, Birth of Venus commissioned by Lorenzo de Medici

Medici

Aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century