apush unit 2 flash cards

terms and definitions taken from viki btw, blameher if you fainot me

Roger B taney

The 5th Chief Justice of the US.

Barbary Pirates

Mainly Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from the Barbary states.

Cotton Gin

A machine that removes seeds from cotton fibers, leading to an increase in cotton production.

Embargo Act

Outlawed trade between America and any foreign port, closing off the economy and leading to further conflict with Britain.

Missouri Compromise

A compromise that divided the territory into half free and half slave.

Louisiana Purchase

The purchase of the Midwest from France.

Marbury v madison

Established judicial review, giving the power to interpret laws and decide if they violate the constitution.

Market Revolution

The transformation of American business and global trade.

2nd Great Awakening

A religious and reformation movement.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Fought over the white expansion of Indian territory.

Deism

The belief in the existence of God, but considering Him a remote being that withdrew from involvement with the human race after creating the universe.

John Marshall

Established the court's power through landmark decisions such as Marbury v. Madison.

Lewis and Clark

Went on expeditions to explore the west of the US after the Louisiana Purchase.

McCulloch v maryland

Upheld the constitutionality of the national bank using an "elastic clause."

Battle of New Orleans

Part of the War of 1812, where the British tried to take New Orleans.

Hartford Convention

A convention where the Federalist Party dissolved.

Henry Clay

Known as the "Great Compromiser."

Treaty of Ghent

A treaty between Great Britain and the USA that ended the War of 1812.

Gibbons v ogden

Established that the federal government holds the authority to regulate interstate commerce.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy that considered further European colonization of the West as hostile.

Wildcat/Pet Banks

Financial institutions that sprang up in the West and were involved in risky land speculation on the frontier.

Tariff of Abominations

Raised taxes on imported manufactured goods to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing.

John C calhoun

The Senate's most prominent advocate for states' rights.

Spoils System

The political tactic of employing and promoting civil servants who are supporters and friends of the group in power.

Nullification Crisis

A showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature over attempts to declare federal tariffs null and void.

Indian Removal Act

The forcible removal of Indians from their land.

Worcester v georgia

Established that states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.

Frederick Douglass

An African American abolitionist.

Erie Canal

An artificial waterway that connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, facilitating the first great westward movement.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the second national bank.

Nativism

The policy of protecting native-born inhabitants.

Know-Nothings

A 19th-century political party that opposed immigrants in the US and those who followed the Catholic faith.

Nat Turner

A slave from Virginia who led a group of slaves to kill slaveholders and their families.

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper, making farming more efficient.

Susan B anthony

A leader in the woman suffrage movement.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Organized the first demand for woman suffrage in the US.

Dorothea Dix

A pioneer in the movement to improve conditions for the mentally ill.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Wrote the abolitionist book that encouraged people to stand against slavery.

Henry David Thoreau

An American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher, and a leading transcendentalist.

Hudson River School

A 19th-century art movement focused on nature and inspired by romanticism.

Charles Grandison Finney

An American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States.

Horace Mann

Criticized the educational system of the US.

William Henry Harrison

The president with the shortest term, served in the Indian wars and the War of 1812.

Seneca Falls Conference

The first women's rights convention.

Mormons

A religious group who were followers of Joseph Smith.

Dartmouth v woodward

Established that states cannot interfere with the property rights and contracts of private businesses.

Bank of the U.S.

A central bank that issued paper money, completed commercial transactions, collected government tax revenues, and lent money to the government.