APUSH Unit 6 Part 2 Vocab

Bessemer Process

allowed or mass production of steel; process by which blasted air through molten iron made stronger steel

Andrew Carnegie

steel magnate whose steel company used vertical integration to control every phase of the steelmaking process; he became major philanthropist after selling his steel company

J. P. Morgan

businessman who bought Carnegie Steel in 1900 for $400 million and formed US Steel

John D. Rockefeller

formed Standard Oil and utilized horizontal integration

horizontal integration

process by which one company buys out all other companies within the same level of the supply chain

vertical integration

process by which one company buys up all other companies at every level of the supply chain

Robber Barons

negative term used to describe rich capitalists who were supposedly harming the common man by making millions off products they sold

laissez faire (“let it be”)

idea that said business should NOT be regulated by govt, BUT instead by laws of supply and demand

Social Darwinism

idea that said rich people were more “fit” of human species; poor people were “unfit”; said welfare would hurt human species by preserving the “unfit”

Thomas Edison

invented phonograph, light bulb, generator; set up research facility at Menlo Park, NJ; mass produced electricity

Scientific management/Taylorism

idea that to increase efficiency, large jobs were broken into small steps and workers did one thing ALL day

Knights of Labor

union led by Terence Powderley; desired socialist society (more radical); included African-Americans and women

American Federation of Labor

union led by Samuel Gompers; concentrated on wages and working conditions (less radical); skilled, white, males

Haymarket Riot

riot of radical workers in Chicago in 1886 that caused decline in Knights of Labor

Lockouts

pressures workers into accepting management’s offer by not letting workers come to work

Blacklisting

circulating names of pro-union people so they can’t be hired in industry

Yellow-dog contracts

contract that said if workers wanted a job, they couldn’t join union

Pinkerton Guards

private guards hired by management to break strikes by force

Homestead Strike

strike of Pittsburgh steelworkers in 1892 broken by Pinkerton Guards hired by Andrew Carnegie

Great Migration

movement of African-Americans north between 1890 and 1930

Settlement houses

community houses run usually by young Protestant women that provided social services for poor immigrants in cities

Jane Addams

ran Hull House (settlement house in Chicago)

Foran Act

made it illegal for a company to aid in the immigration of laborers by giving them a contract; aimed at unskilled immigrants

Sears and Roebuck

one of the 1st mail order catalog companies

"new" immigration

comprised of southern and eastern Europeans