Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 27 - Metabolism & Nutrition

These flashcards cover key concepts related to metabolism and nutrition, including definitions and explanations of metabolic rates, appetite control, and the body's response to starvation.

Metabolic Rate

The amount of energy used by the body to support its metabolism, measured in Calories.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The amount of energy required to maintain basic bodily functions while at rest, accounting for about 60% of calorie expenditure.

Active Metabolic Rate (AMR)

The energy expenditure associated with physical activities of any kind, which varies greatly among individuals.

Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)

The energy used in the digestion of food, accounting for about 5 to 10% of total calories burned.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of body fat based on an individual's weight and height used to categorize underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity.

Appetite Control

Regulation of hunger and satiation through neural, hormonal, and psychological mechanisms.

Leptin

A hormone produced by adipose tissue that suppresses appetite, its effectiveness may decrease in obese individuals.

Starvation

A severe deficiency in caloric intake that can lead to three phases, affecting bodily functions and metabolism.

Ketone Bodies

Compounds produced by the liver from fatty acids during prolonged fasting, serving as an alternative energy source for the brain.

Glycogenolysis

The process of breaking down glycogen to glucose to maintain blood sugar levels during fasting.