AP Psych Unit 5 | Modern Approaches to Mental Health

Deinstitutionalization

the process of reducing the number of patients in psychiatric hospitals by transitioning them to community-based mental health services, aiming to provide more integrated and humane care

Evidence-Based Interventions

therapeutic approaches and treatments that are supported by scientific research and empirical evidence

• ensures their effectiveness and reliability in improving mental health outcomes

• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Therapeutic Alliance

the collaborative and trusting relationship between a therapist and client

• is crucial for effective therapy and positive treatment outcomes

Cultural Humility

involves an ongoing process of:

• self-reflection and learning about clients/ cultural backgrounds

• recognizing and addressing power imbalances

• fostering respectful, culturally sensitive therapeutic relationships

Nonmaleficence

the ethical principle of “do no harm”

• ensures that therapists avoid actions or interventions that could cause physical, emotional, or psychological harm to their clients

Fidelity

the ethical principle of maintaining trust, honesty, and commitment in the therapeutic relationship

• ensures reliability and integrity in professional conduct

Integrity

the ethical principle of being honest, transparent, and consistent in their professional actions

• ensures adherence to moral and ethical standards in all aspects of their practice

Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity

• recognizing and honoring the inherent worth of all individuals

• ensuring privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination

• treating clients with fairness and respect in clinical psychology

Psychodynamic Therapies

focus on uncovering unconscious conflicts and past experiences to understand current behavior and emotions

• aims to increase self-awareness and insight into psychological issues

Free Association

when a patient speaks freely about thoughts, feelings, and memories as they come to mind

• helps to uncover unconscious conflicts and underlying issues

Dream Interpretation

analysis of the content of dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings

• provides insights into unresolved conflicts and underlying psychological issues

Person-Centered Therapy

focuses on providing a supportive environment where clients can achieve self-discovery and personal growth

• emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness from the therapist

Active Listening

involves the therapist fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what the client says

• demonstrates empathy and validates the client’s feelings and experiences

Unconditional Positive Regard

an attitude of complete acceptance and support that a therapist offers to a client, regardless of what the client says or does

• fosters a safe and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment

Group Therapy

therapy conducted with multiple participants led by one or more therapists

• focus: shared experiences, support from peers, and learning from others’ perspectives

• advantages: support from group members, feeling less isolated, diverse perspectives

• disadvantages: less individual attention, potential discomfort sharing in a group

Individual Therapy

therapy conducted one-on-one between a therapist and a client

• focus: personal issues, individualized treatment, and deep exploration of personal concerns

• advantages: personalized attention, tailored interventions, and a strong therapeutic alliance

• disadvantages: lack of peer support, higher cost per session