Studied by 4 people
what do the diencephalon develop from?
the prosencephalon
what do the diencephalon consist of?
a roof plate and two alar plates
what do the roof plate of the diencephalon consist of?
single layer of ependymal cells covered by vascular mesenchyme
what will the layers of the roof plate of diencephalon give rise to?
choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle
what will the most caudal part of the roof plate of diencephalon develop into?
pineal body
what will the alar plates of the diencephalon form?
lateral walls of the diencephalon
what divides the alar plates of diencephalon into a dorsal and ventral region?
hypothalamic sulcus
what will the dorsal region of the alar plate of the diencephalon give rise to?
thalamus
what will the ventra region of the alar plate of the diencephalon give rise to?
hypothalamus
what will the different parts of the hypothalamus give rise to?
different hypothalamic nuclei, incl. mammilary body
what do the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develop from?
rathke’s pouch
what do the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland develop from?
infundibulum
what gives rise to the pituitary stalk. what do the pituitary stalk connect?
infundibulum
post. lobe of pituitary lobe to the hypothalamus
what do the telencephalon develop from?
prosencephalon
what do the prosencephalon consist of?
two lateral outpocketings and one median portion
what will the two lateral outpocketings of prosencephalon become?
cerebral hemispheres
what will the median portion of prosencephalon be?
lamina terminalis
when do the lateral outpocketings of the prosencephalon begin to extend?
in week 5
what happens in the regions where the cerebral hemispheres come in contact with the underlying diencephalon?
a single layer of ependymal cells form, covered by vascular mesenchyme
where do the hippocampus form?
form as a thickening of the hemispheres above the choroidal fissure
how are the gyri formed?
during final part of fetal life, the surface of the hemispheres grow so rapidly that the surface invaginates, forming the gyri
what do the cortex of the hemispheres develop from?
pallium
what is the pallium?
a layer of grey and white matter which covers the hemispheres
what are the different types of pallium?
paleopallium, archipallium and neopallium
sort the types of pallium by their phylogenic ages, starting with the eldest
paleopallium, archipallium and neopallium
how much of the cortex is neopallium?
90%
where can the paleopallium be found in humans?
floor of the hemispheres and comprises the rhinecephalon, a structure consisting of the olfactory bulb and surrounding structues
where is the archipallium located in humans?
medial surface of the hemispheres and comprises the hippocampus, indusium griseum and the fornix
which rapidly growing region forms while the hemispheres grow?
ganglion hill (striatal anlage)
what do the ganglion hill give rise to?
corpus striatum
describe the formation of the internal capsule
axons passing to and from cortex break through the corpus striatum
what do the internal capsule separate the striatum into?
caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
what do the lentiform nucleus consist of?
putamen and globus pallidus
describe the formation of the commissures
fibers grow between the hemispheres at the end of 3rd month
what are the commissures?
bundles of nerve fibers connecting the hemispheres
what is the first commissure to develop? what does it connect?
anterior commissure
connecting brain areas related to olfaction of one hemisphere to the other
what is the second commissure to develop? what does is connect?
hippocampal commissure / fornix
connect hippocampus of on hemisphere to the mamillary body and hypothalamus of the other
when do the corpus callosum appear? what does it connect?
by week 10
connects most of the cortexes of the two hemispheres with each other
what are some commissures that develop outside of the lamina terminalis?
posterior- and habenular-commissure as well as the optic chiasm
Note
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