Ap Psych Social psychology

reduce tensions produced by inconsistent thoughts.

According to Cognitive Dissonance Theory, human beings are motivated to

Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.

Which of the following examples best represents altruism?

Actor-Observer Bias.

After George completes his PhD in Psychology, his ormer classmate Da velle congratulates him and tells him that he must be a very intelligent and conscientious student. When George asks Danielle why she didn't complete her degree, she tells him that she was too busy juggling her work and family responsibilities to have time for school. Which psychological concept exemplifies Danielle's explanation?

When the bystander is the only person present.

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

The presence of a single dissenter.

In experiments on conformity, the tendency of gruup members to cor..orm was reduced most by which of the following factors?

Self-Serving Bias

Ashley began her banking career as a teller, but she was quickly promoted to increasingly more responsible managerial positions. Despite the fact that she has very limited experience to justify her promotions, she believes that she has been successful because she is very talented. Which of the following explanations is Ashley using to justify her success?

Informational Social Influence

Ashley recently joined a club at her school. When Ashley attended her first meeting, she noticed that the other club members were signing a sheet of paper at the front of the room. Believing that the other club members must know the club's procedures, Ashley signed the paper. Which of the following best explains Ashley's conforming behavior?

his intelligence

According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to

group members desire peace and harmony within a group.

A basic assumption underlying the definition of groupthink is that

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to believe that another person's behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called

Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated the the "Foot-in-the-Door" Phenomenon

Continue to believe in the beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate diets.

Brad hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. Considering this advice, he begins such a diet. Later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. Based upon research on belief perseverance, how would Brad respond to the new information?

The number of people at the location when the confederate fell.

Students enrolled in an introductory psychology course want to examine the bystander effect on their campus. The students devise a study in which one of them will pretend to fall while riding a scooter. The students choose a confederate from among the group to ride the scooter. The confederate will fall at the same location when many students are present. Then, the next day, the confederate will fall at the location when fewer students are present. After each fall, the confederate will record whether they are helped. What is the independent variable of this study?

Fundamental Attribution Error

George was late for his early morning class. The teacher believed that the reason for George's tardiness was simply laziness. In fact, George was late because a serious automobile accident prevented his from arriving on campus on time. Which of the following social psychology principles most accurately describes the teacher's assumption?

The hypothesis is not supported, because the results indicate that women are influenced more by the central route to persuasion than men are.

A researcher has a hypothesis that men are more likely to be influenced by the central route to persuasion when buying a new car than women are. The researchers randomly selects thirty men and thirty women to observe while they are buying a car, and the researcher finds that women pay attention to the reliability of the car, whereas men pay attention to available colors that the car comes in. Which conclusion can the researcher draw?

The content of the message

The primary difference between the central and peripheral route to persuasion is whether the persuasion focuses on

External Locus of Control

Chris believed he did well on the exam because he was lucky. Which psychological concept applies to Chris's explanation?

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Chuck is walking down the street and someone asks him to sign a petition to put clean-air legislation on the next ballot. He decides to sign the petition. Then the person asks whether he would like to give a donation to the associated environmental group. This technique is known as what?

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new employee does. If the new employee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likely have occurred?

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

Lisa is a college English major. She believes all math majors are analytical, logical, and serious. Lisa seems to be demonstrating

Martin distrusts a certain religion because it is uncommon in the country where he lives.

Ethnocentrism is described in which scenario?

Ryan grows to like a commercial for a local diner the more he watches that commercial.

Which of the following represents the concept of the mere-exposure effect?

The Halo Effect

Lisa admires a musician that she has not met but believes is physically attractive.

Because of the musician's appearance, Lisa assumes they must also be intelligent and kind. Which of the following best explains Lisa's perception?

Social Facilitation

Jim is better at computer games when his friends are watching than when he plays alone. Researchers would explain Jim's behavior using which of the following theories?

Blaming the victim

The Just-World Phenomenon would best explain which of the following phenomena?

The Bystander Effect

Ken fell off a float during a parade and was knocked unconscious. At first, observers were hesitant to help and looked around at each other until one of the parade workers called for help. Then, people came forward to help Ken. This

cognitive dissonance

People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience?

Confirmation Bias

Dr. Smith, who is a proponent of operant conditioning to improve behavior, attends a conference where he hears researchers present findings from their research on various reinforcement schedules. Whenever the results are not what he expects, Dr.

Smith views the study designs as flawed and maintains his current beliefs about operant conditioning.

Which of the following concepts illustrates Dr. Smith's outlook?

Most people will obey perceived authority figures instructions to harm others.

The results of studies on obedience suggest which of the following?

The Reciprocity Norm

Claude, a waiter at a popular restaurant, gives extra appetizers to his return customers because they often tip him more when he does. Claude's technique relies on which of the following?

Hal begins to like a certain sports car after seeing it frequently on the road, even though he did not like the car at first.

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of the mere-exposure effect?

It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.

A researcher is interested in studying how likely people are to break laws when they are in large crowds. They believe using a naturalistic observation would be the best approach to studying this behavior. Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation?

Michael, who barely works on his group science project because he knows someone else will do the work.

Which of the following best demonstrates the concept of social loafing?

A student decides to run for student government because he feels he can make some positive changes in the school.

Which of the following is an example of an individual who demonstrates an internal locus of control?

stereotyping

Sam's old neighbor had teenage boys that were very noisy and rambunctious. When a new neighbor moves in with three teenage boys, he assumes they will be loud and rowdy. Sam's preconceived opinion about his new neighbors is an example of