BIOLOGY STUDY BOOK (2)

Cell

The smallest unit of life that can perform all necessary life processes.

Cell Theory

The theory that states all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, storing DNA and controlling cell activities.

Ribosomes

Cell structures that make proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in the synthesis and transport of molecules.

Rough ER

The type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth ER

The type of endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals.

Golgi Apparatus

The cellular organelle that modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP, the main energy molecule of the cell.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that perform photosynthesis.

Cell Membrane

The thin layer that surrounds the cell, controlling what enters and leaves.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like material inside the cell that holds organelles and is the site of many chemical reactions.

Vacuole

Storage organelles that hold water, nutrients, and waste.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

Evolution

The change in populations over time.

Magnification

The process of making an object appear larger.

Resolution

The ability to distinguish details clearly.

Selective Permeability

The property of a cell membrane that allows some substances to pass while blocking others.

DNA

The genetic material that carries instructions for life.

Metabolism

The chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.

Stimulus

A change in the environment that can elicit a response from an organism.

Unicellular Organism

An organism made of one cell.

Multicellular Organism

An organism made of multiple cells.

Test Question: Characteristics of Life

Living things are made of cells, reproduce, have genetic material (DNA), grow and develop, obtain and use energy, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and adapt and evolve.