Medical Terminology Chapter 10 - Anatomy and Word Roots

Cardiovascular, Immune, Lymphatic Systems, and Blood

heart

circulates blood throughout the body

atrioventricular valves

keeps blood flowing in one direction, to prevent backflow

semilunar valves

allow blood to be pumped forward into the arteries, but prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles

pericardium

two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer, facilitates movement of the heart

epicardium

part of the pericardium, outer lining covering the heart, applies for protection for the heart

myocardium

middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

blood vessels

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arterioles

smallest arteries

aorta

largest artery in the body

veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

venules

smallest veins

venae cavae

largest veins in the body

capillaries

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

blood

fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins

plasma

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended

serum

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

erythrocytes

red blood cells that carry oxygen

leukocytes

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation

thrombocytes

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process (also called platelets)

lymph

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid

lymphatic vessels

transport lymph from body tissues into the right and left subclavian veins, which then empty into the superior vena cava

lymph nodes

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue

spleen

largest lymphatic organ in the body, stores blood and destroys

worn out red blood cells

thymus gland

one of the primary lymphatic organs, development of the body's immune system

angi/o

vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

atri/o

atrium

cardi/o

heart

lymph/o

lymph, lymph tissue

lymphaden/o

lymph node

myel/o

bone marrow

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

plasm/o

plasma

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus gland

valv/o, valvul/o

valve

ventricul/o

ventricle

ather/o

yellowish, fatty plaque

ech/o

sound

electr/o

electricity, electrical activity

isch/o

deficiency, blockage

therm/o

heat

thromb/o

clot

brady-

slow

pan-

all, total

-ac

pertaining to

-apheresis

removal

-penia

abnormal reduction in number

-poiesis

formation

-sclerosis

hardening