CH US History exam december 14, 2023

expansionism and foreign conflicts

Implied Powers

powers not stated in the constitution but congress has to carry out its delegated powers

Delegated Powers

powers granted to the national government under the united states constitution

Judicial Review

-supreme court process to review and judge acts on Congress to conform the constitution

-laws can be declared unconstitutional

Supremacy Clause

the constitution is the supreme law of the land and all other laws must not violate the constitution

John Marshall

chief justice

Strict Constructionist

-belief that the federal government is limited to what the constitution says specifically; narrow interpretation(conservatives)(literal mindset)

-conservatives=Jeffersonian=anti federalist=democratic republican

Thomas Jefferson

head of the democratic-republican party at the time

Loose Constructionist

-belief that the federal government should use its implied powers under the constitution very generously to meet changing social and economic conditions; very wide interpretation

-liberals=Hamiltonian=federalist

Expansionism

George Washington in his farewell address advised against getting involved in foreign conflicts(neutrality). This was to safeguard our newly won independence

Manifest destiny

a phrase used by Americans to justify their expansion westward to the Pacific Ocean (present day California, Oregon, Washington state etc.)

The Lousiana Purchace

-large piece of land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

-Thomas Jefferson helped purchase

-Nearly doubled the size of the united states

-Gave the US full control of the Mississippi River

-helped Ohio farmers ship their goods to the market

-focused US attention of expanding the country westward

-added the great Plains region to the US

-Violated strict constructionist view of the constitution

Indian removal act

a law passed by Congress on 1830 that allowed President Andrew Jackson to forcibly move thousands of native Americans from their eastern homes to lands west of the Mississippi River

Lewis and Clark

the 2 men chosen by President Jefferson to lead the expedition to explore the Louisiana territory and a route to the pacific ocean

The War Hawks

American politicians, such as Henry Clay and John Calhoun, who advocated that the US declare war on Great Britain in 1812

The War of 1812

a war between the US and Great Britain that ended in a stalemate but helped confirm America’s independence. Called the second war for independence because the British government had never fully respected the US as a free nation

The Monroe Doctrine

-a message delivered by President James Monroe in 1823 in which he asserted that Americans would stay out of European affairs, and warned Europeans not to interfere with countries in the Western hemisphere

-this foreign policy action resulted from the close geographic relationship between the US and Latin America including the Caribbean

Assimilate

-the practice of absorbing a minority culture into the majority culture; for ex. the attempt to absorb Native Americans into European American culture

-lifestyle, clothing, foods, language, religion etc.

Washington’s Farewell Address

-provides a guide for future government to avoid repeating past mistakes

-explaining his decision to not seek a third term as president

Midnight judges

The many federalist judges hastily appointed for life terms by outgoing President John Adams just before Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated

republican

​a person who supports a form of government with a president and politicians elected by the people

Impressment

recruitment by force

The “elastic cause”

The Elastic Clause appears in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, allowing Congress to make laws not specifically mentioned in the Constitution

Concurrent Power

-powers that are shared by both the federal government and state governments

-this includes the power to tax, build roads, and create lower courts