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What was the Missouri Compromise and why was it enacted?
The Missouri Compromise aimed to balance the number of free states and slave states. It added Missouri to the slave states and Main to the free states, as above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory was where slavery was outlawed, below it, however, it was allowed.
What were the effects of the Missouri Compromise?
It temporarily reduced tensions between the North and the South (until the Kansas-Nebraska Act)
What is the Kansas Nebraska Act? Who proposed it and why?
It would split new land from Louisiana Purchase into two states, Kansas and Nebraska. S. Douglas proposed it as he wanted to construct a transcontinental railroad across the country, but couldn’t do it unless states were established in this land.
What caused the Kansas-Nebraska act to be an issue?
Douglas believed free/slave state should be determined by popular sovereignty, which led to free soilers and pro-slavery believers to flock to these states to sway the vote of whether or not it would be a free/slave states
What were the effects of the Kansas Nebraska Act? What did it essentially nullify?
Douglas believed free/slave state should be determined by popular sovereignty, which led to free spoilers and pro-slavery believers to flock to these states to sway the vote of what type of state it would be (as IDs where not a thing and you didn’t know who was actually apart of that state) → Led to Bleeding Kansas
It repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Who started Harper’s Ferry Raid? Why?
John Brown started it. He was a abolitionist who believed that democracy could not end slavery, only arms could. He wanted to organize and arm slaves for a slave revolt. To arm them, Brown tried to take weapon’s from the Harper’s Ferry Arsenal.
What were the effects of Harper’s Ferry Raid?
He and others died and he became a martyr, despite the failed revolt attempt. The South was convinced that abolitionists wanted them dead.
What was Andrew Johnson’s party? Where did they stand?
Andrew Johnson was a Southern Democrat. The Democratic Party was split; Southern Democrats supported the expansion of slavery while Northern Democrats did not.
They were largely racists, sympathized with ex-Confederates, and did little to protect the formerly enslaved
Johnson specifically allowed for the quick restoration of the Union without considering the safety of blacks or repercussions for the ex-Confederates.
Republican/Democratic Platforms
Republicans
Many became abolitionists
End of Civil War → controlled the government and used its power to protect formerly enslaved people
the three Reconstruction Amendments, which won Republicans the loyalty (and vote) of America's Black population.
BUT after Civil War, northern industrialists had grown rich from the war, and didn’t see the sense of protecting the rights of Black Americans when the nation was still largely white.
By the 1870s, many in the Republican Party felt that they had done enough for Black citizens and stopped all efforts to reform the southern states.
Democrats
Variety of views, but shared a commitment to Thomas Jefferson's concept of an agrarian (farming) society.
Viewed the central government as the enemy of individual liberty.
Most were in southern states, they fought to keep slavery legal and disapproved amendments after the war.
What was the Battle of Antietam?
Lee sends Jackson to Harper’s Ferry, while Lee invaded Maryland with 40K+ troops.
Aim → protect VA’s harvest, gain followers from Maryland, lower Northern moral, and persuade the British to recognize and support the Confederacy with a decisive win.
Lee Lost Plans → Lee loses more troops than gaining them in Maryland, his plan’s fall into McClellan’s hands.
Lee does not retreat to VA, took position behind Antietam Creek
McClellan delays for enough time for Jackson to arrive with backup for Lee
McClellan handled this badly → 12K losses, with Lee’s 11K losses
Lee retreated → Union turning point
What are Battle of Antietam’s effects?
Lincoln enacts the Emancipation Proclamation upon those in the Confederacy.
Lee’s failure to get a decisive victory lowers the chances of British intervention.
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
Hooker (after the favorable Union outcome at the Battle of Vicksburg) tries to follow Lee, but fails → Replaced with Meade
Meade and Lee meet in town of Gettysburg
Lee was advised to take an offensive stance, but he lacked the resources to do so, so he went aggressive → launched a disastrous and deadly offensive attack on the Union center
Lee lost a third of his army, breaking his invincibility and boosting Northern morale
What was the Anaconda Plan? Who created it?
General Winfred Scott planned to:
Suffocate the South by blockading the coast
Cut the South in half by taking over the Mississippi River (control over Tennessee and Kentucky)
Cut across Georgia and up through the Carolinas
Capture the Confederate capital (Richmond)
Destroy morale → Destroy the South
What was the March to the Sea? Who was it done by?
General Sherman’s March to the Sea was when he and his troops encounter Confederates, and annihilates them—burning buildings, infrastructure, etc., along the way.
What were women’s roles in the war?
New roles at home
Nurses (like Clara Barton)
Occasionally Doctors (like Mary E. Walker)
Spies (like Elizabeth Van Lew and Mary E. Bowser, Harriet Tubman)
Soldiers (around 400-600 fought in disguise)
What were Black people’s roles in the war?
Starting in 1863 → Roughly 18k of them fought for the Union army and navy
Segregated units and were paid 1/3 less than whites
Black women served as spies, nurses, and scouts (Harriet Tubman Mary E. Bowser)
What was Abe Lincoln’s role in the Civil War?
16th President, served as commander-in-chief of the Union army.
Attempts of keeping the country together and ensuring that remaining slave states would not secede
Emancipation Proclamation
Boosting morale with inspirational speeches
Where did Lee surrender to Grant? How did Grant treat him?
Appomattox Court House. Grant treated Lee with respect.
Note 
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