Cells P1 - Definitions

Active Transport

The movement of substance from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration

Concentration Gradient

The difference in the concentration of a substance between 2 areas

Dilute Solution

A solution that contains a small amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent

Solute

The substance being dissolved

Solvent

The liquid doing the dissolving

Algae

Simple aquatic organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area fir gaseous exchange

Gaseous exchange

The process where oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves it

Bacteria

Single celled prokaryotic organisms

Prokaryotic cells

From prokaryotic organisms have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a Nucleus.

Plasmids

Small rings of DNA

Prokaryotic Organisms

Simple, single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus

Cell Membrane

The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell

Cell wall

The rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

Cellulose

The complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength

Chlorophyll

The green pigment contained in the Chloroplasts

Cytoplasm

The water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place

Diffusion

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas. This results in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

Organelles

The specialised structures inside cells that perform specific functions

Net movement

The overall direction that particles move when there’s a different of concentration

Eukaryotic cells

Cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Hypertonic (osmosis)

A solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents

Hypotonic (osmosis)

A solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents.

Isotonic (osmosis)

A solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents

Mitochondria

The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

Aerobic respiration

The process in which cells release energy from glucose using oxygen

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration without using oxygen

Aerobic cellular respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose using oxygen to release in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)