Studied by 7 people
Insane
This is a strictly legal term that rids a person of responsibility for their crimes
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders / DSM
This manual helps diagnose an lists all the symptoms of recognized psychological disorders
Specific Phobia
A type of anxiety disorder
An intense, unwarranted fear of a situation or object (claustrophobia, agoraphobia)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder / GAD
Constant, low level anxiety
Panic Disorder
This anxiety disorder is characterized by acute episodes of intense anxiety without cause
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A psychological problem through physiological symptoms
No identifiable physical cause
Conversion Disorder
A type of somatic symptom disorder
Reporting a severe problem (paralysis, blindness) without a biologicals reason
Dissociative Amnesia
A type of dissociative disorder:
A person cannot remember something without a physiological basis
Organic Amnesia
Biologically Induced Amnesia
Dissociative Identity Disorder / DID
A type of dissociative disorder:
A person believes they have several personalities
Major Depressive Disorder / Unipolar Depression
More than 2 weeks of feeling terribly down and unmotivated without a clear reason
Big sad :(
Seasonal Affective Disorder / SAD
Seasonal Depression
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Triad
Ideas about yourself, your world, and your future
Learned Helplessness
Martin Seligman’s observation that one learns to act helpless if they think they cannot cotrol their fate (shocked dogs)
Bipolar Disorder / Manic Depression
A combination of depressed and manic episodes
Schizophrenia
A disorder characterized by disordered and distorted thinking—> delusions, hallucinations, disorganized language and motor behavior
Delusions
Beliefs without basis in reality
Delusions of Persecution
Thinking people are out to get you
Delusions of Grandeur
Thinking you enjoy more power than you actually have
Hallucinations
A symptom of schizophrenia
Perceptions in absence of sensory stimulation
Neologisms
A symptom of schizophrenia
Made up words
Clang Associations
A symptom of schizophrenia
Nonsense words that rhyme
Inappropriate Effect
A symptom of schizophrenia
A wrong emotional response (laugh at a funeral)
Flat effect
A symptom of schizophrenia
No emotional respons
Catatonia
A symptom of schizophrenia
Remaining motionless in strange positions and/or moving jerkily without reason
Wavy Flexibility
A symptom of schizophrenia
The body may be moved into alternate shapes and stay that way during catatonia
Positive
These symptoms of schizophrenia include:
Excess in behavior, thought, or mood
Negative
These symptoms of Schizophrenia include:
Deficits like the flat effect or catatonia
Dopamine Hypothesis
The thought that too much dopamine causes schizophrenia
Tardive Diskinesia
Extensive use of drugs that lower dopamine levels, causing tremors and stiffness
Double Binds
Contradictory messages being received by a person (parents encourage studying but question why you have no friends)
Diathesis-Stress Model
Environmental stressors provide circumstances where biological predispositions for illnesses make themselves evident
Personality Disorders
Although these are mainly minor disorders, they negatively impact people’s ability to function
Antisocial
This type of personality disorder demonstrates little regard for others’ feelings and thinking that the world is a hostile place
Dependent
This type of personality disorder is when someone relies too much on other people
Histrionic
This type of personality disorder is when someone is overdramatic
Paranoid
This type of personality disorder manifests itself as intense feelings of persecution
Narcissistc
This type of personality disorder is when someone thinks they are the center of the universe
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder / OCPD
This type of personality disorder is when someone is obsessed with performing certain thoughts and behaviors, though not as intensely as OCD
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder / OCD
This is when persistent, unwanted obsessions cause someone to feel compulsion to engage in an action
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder / PTSD
This is when flashbacks and nightmares haunt a person after a traumatic event
Paraphyllia / Psychosexual Disorders
Attraction to an unconventional object, person, or activity
Autism Spectrum Disorder / ASD
This disorder makes a person less social and seeking emotional contact, hypersensitive, or have an intense interest in something
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / ADHD
Difficulty paying attention an staying still
Rosenhan study
An experiment conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. Participants submitted themselves for evaluation at various psychiatric institutions and feigned hallucinations in order to be accepted, but acted normally from then onward.
Preventative Efforts
Treating problems proactively (before they are severe)
Primary Prevention
Reducing societal problems such as homelessness or joblessness to lessen possibility of developing psychological disorders
Secondary Prevention
Working with at risk people to prevent problems (such as counseling after a terrorist attack)
Tertiary Prevention
Keeping issues from becoming more sever once they are already apparent
Psychotherapy
A treatment of psychological disorders that includes talking to a psychologist (psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive)
Somatic Treatments
A treatment of psychological disorders that uses drugs
Psychoanalytic Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders that includes the “couch and talking”
Free association, dream analysis, hypnosis
Relies on the psychologist’s interpretation
Transference
Strong feeling towards your therapist
Symptom Substituton
Treating one symptom only to have another one show up
Humanistic Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders strives to help a person self-actualize
Client-Centered Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders focuses on the therapist providing unconditional positive regard
Non-directive
Client-centered therapy is ______, meaning they do not tell the clients what to do and focus on active listening
Gestalt Therapy
Developed by Fritz Perls: Clients get in touch with their whole selves
Existential Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders where a person is helped to achieve a subjectively meaningful perception of life if they lost their sense of purpose
Behavioral Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders focuses o trying to undo learned behavior
Counterconditioning
developed by Mary Cover Jones, this treatment of psychological disorders replaces unpleasant CR with a pleasant one (like bringing toys to a dentist)
Systematic Desensitization
Developed by Joseph Wolpe, this treatment of psychological disorders replaces anxiety with relaxation with the help of repeated pairings
Works on the anxiety hierarchy
Vivo desensitization
Confronting feared situations
Covert desensitization
Imagining feared situations
Flooding
Confronting or imagining the most anxious level in the anxiety hierarchy to extinguish fear
Cognitive Therapy
A treatment of psychological disorders that focuses on changing unhealthy thought patterns and bring success (Aaron Beck)
Attribution style
Thinking of problems as external / internal and temporary / permanent
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy / REBT
Developed by Albert Ellis
Exposing and confronting dysfunctional thoughts and engaging in the feared behavior
A type of cognitive behavioral therapy
Antipsychotic Drugs / Thorazine / Haldol
These drugs are used to treat schizophrenia: block dopamine receptors
Tricyclic Antidepressants / Monoamine Oxidase / Inhibitors / SSRI
Used to treat unipolar depression
Lithium
Used to treat the manic stages of bipolar disorder
Barbituaries / Benzodiazepines / Xanax / Valium / Miltown
Used to treat anxiety
Electroconvulsive Therapy / ECT
Electricity is passed through either one or both hemispehres of the brain to treat severe depression
Psychosurgery
In extreme cases, part of the brain is destroyed to treat psychological disorders
Lobotomy
Cutting neurons to frontal lobes. Not done anymore. Makes a person stuck in a vegetative state
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