Ap euro unit 6

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76 Terms

1
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What is the importance of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

It marked a major turning point in history, leading to significant economic, social, and technological changes.

2
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Who is considered the father of modern socialism?

Karl Marx, known for his works like 'The Communist Manifesto'.

3
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What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?

To restore stability and order in Europe after the revolutionary upheavals and Napoleonic Wars.

4
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What does nationalism refer to in the 19th century Europe?

The belief in the interests and culture of one’s nation, often leading to the desire for independence or self-governance.

5
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What major conflict is associated with the unification of Italy?

The Franco-Prussian War, which aided in consolidating German and Italian unification efforts.

6
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What was the significance of the 1848 Revolutions across Europe?

They represented a wave of liberal and nationalist uprisings that challenged conservative governments.

7
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What was the role of women during the Industrial Revolution?

Women worked in factories, often under harsh conditions, and began advocating for rights and social reforms.

8
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Define Realpolitik.

A system of politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

9
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What was the main cause of the Crimean War?

Conflicts between Russia and the Ottoman Empire over territory and influence.

10
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What was the impact of the Sepoy Mutiny?

It marked a major turning point in British rule in India, leading to the establishment of direct control under the British Crown.

11
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Who was Otto von Bismarck?

The Chancellor of Prussia who played a crucial role in the unification of Germany through cunning diplomacy and warfare.

12
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What is romanticism?

An artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of the past.

13
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What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa and to avoid conflict among European powers.

14
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What economic theory advocates for a free-market economy?

Laissez-faire economics, which opposes government intervention in economic matters.

15
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What was the Dreyfus Affair?

A political scandal in France that showcased rampant antisemitism and the struggle for justice.

16
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How did the Second Industrial Revolution differ from the First?

The Second Industrial Revolution focused on steel, electricity, and chemical industries.

17
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What is imperialism?

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

18
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Identify one consequence of the Boer War.

Increased tensions between Britain and other European powers and a shift in British public opinion regarding imperialism.

19
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Describe the significance of the Paris Peace Conference (1919).

It set the terms for peace after World War I and established the League of Nations.

20
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What was the impact of the Enlightenment on European society?

It fostered new ideas about democracy, individual rights, and the questioning of traditional authority.

21
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What driving force fueled the rise of socialism in the 19th century?

Industrial capitalism and the exploitation of the working class led to calls for social reform.

22
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What role did propaganda play in World War I?

It was used to influence public opinion and promote nationalistic sentiments.

23
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Name a key figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Vladimir Lenin, who was a leader of the Bolsheviks and played a key role in establishing communist rule.

24
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What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

It imposed heavy reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions, leading to economic hardship.

25
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Discuss the significance of the Zollverein.

It was a customs union in German states that facilitated trade and economic unity prior to German unification.

26
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What was the role of the suffragette movement in the 19th century?

It aimed to secure women's right to vote and highlighted broader issues of gender equality.

27
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Who led the Cuban War of Independence against Spanish rule?

José Martí, a key figure in Cuban nationalism.

28
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What was the main outcome of the 1857 Indian Rebellion?

It led to the dissolution of the East India Company and direct British rule over India.

29
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Define the term ' enclosure movement.'

The process of consolidating small landholdings into larger farms, which displaced peasant farmers.

30
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What was a major economic effect of the Industrial Revolution?

Increased urbanization as people moved to cities for factory work.

31
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How did the revolution in transportation affect Europe during the 19th century?

It facilitated faster movement of goods and people, boosting trade and commerce.

32
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What was one effect of the Great Exhibition of 1851?

It showcased British industrial advancements and fostered national pride.

33
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What ideology emerged as a response to the upheaval wrought by industrialization?

Socialism, which sought to address inequalities and worker rights.

34
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What was the significance of the Opium Wars?

They marked the beginning of the era of unequal treaties between China and Western powers.

35
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Who were the key players in the unification of Germany?

Otto von Bismarck and King Wilhelm I.

36
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Explain the concept of 'the white man's burden.'

A cultural justification for imperialism, suggesting that Western powers had a duty to civilize non-Western peoples.

37
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What event triggered the start of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in 1914.

38
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What was the main focus of the women's rights movement in the 19th century?

To achieve suffrage and equal rights in legal and social spheres.

39
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Describe the main characteristics of the Victorian Era.

An era marked by strict social norms, industrial progress, and cultural reform.

40
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What was the role of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?

They grew in wealth and influence, pushing for political reforms and better labor conditions.

41
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Identify one major outcome of the Russian Revolution.

The establishment of a communist government.

42
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What was the significance of the Luddites?

They were a group of English workers who protested against industrialization by destroying machinery.

43
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What were 'spheres of influence' in the context of imperialism?

Areas in which foreign powers had exclusive rights and privileges, often in trade and investment.

44
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How did World War I lead to changes in gender roles?

Women took on roles traditionally held by men, leading to increased advocacy for equality.

45
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What was the primary aim of the Factory Acts in Britain?

To improve working conditions for laborers, particularly women and children.

46
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What did the term 'New Imperialism' refer to?

The late 19th-century expansion of European powers into Africa and Asia.

47
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How did the Great War influence art and literature?

It sparked movements like Dadaism and Surrealism that challenged traditional forms and themes.

48
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What event split the liberal and conservative factions in American politics during the 19th century?

The issue of slavery.

49
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What was the main tenet of Utilitarianism?

The belief that the best actions are those that promote the greatest happiness.

50
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Who was Florence Nightingale?

A pioneering nurse known for her work in improving sanitary conditions in hospitals during the Crimean War.

51
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What was the impact of the invention of the telegraph?

It revolutionized communication, allowing messages to be sent across great distances instantly.

52
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What does the term 'scientific racism' refer to?

The misuse of scientific theories to justify racial discrimination and the belief in the superiority of certain races.

53
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Identify one cause of the 1917 Russian Revolution.

Widespread discontent with the inefficiencies of the Tsarist regime and military failures in World War I.

54
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What was the primary significance of the railroads during the 19th century?

They facilitated the rapid movement of goods, people, and ideas, thus stimulating economic growth.

55
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What movement sought to curb excessive drinking in the United States and Europe?

The temperance movement.

56
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How did the early labor movement address workers' rights?

By forming unions and advocating for better wages, working conditions, and hours.

57
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What is imperialism's direct economic motive?

To acquire resources and markets for the benefit of the imperial power.

58
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Define the term 'New Woman' in the context of the late 19th century.

A term used to describe women who challenged traditional roles and sought education and independence.

59
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Who was Simon Bolivar?

A key figure in Latin American independence movements, known for liberating several countries from Spanish rule.

60
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What was the impact of the Berlin Wall's collapse in 1989?

It symbolized the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the reunification of Germany.

61
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Identify the primary goal of the Chartist movement in Britain.

To extend voting rights to all men and improve social conditions.

62
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What was the significance of Romantic music during the 19th century?

It emphasized emotional expression and individuality, breaking from classical traditions.

63
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What was the role of men of science during the Enlightenment?

They sought to apply reason and empirical evidence to understand and improve society.

64
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What characterized the Golden Age of Capitalism post-World War II?

Economic expansion, rising living standards, and widespread social welfare programs.

65
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Explain the significance of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748).

It ended the War of the Austrian Succession and established a temporary balance of power in Europe.

66
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What was the primary role of public health reformers during the Industrial Revolution?

To alleviate the poor sanitary conditions and health crises resulting from rapid urbanization.

67
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What did the term 'Liberalism' emphasize in 19th century Europe?

Liberty, individual rights, and reforms to expand political participation.

68
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Describe the significance of the Agricultural Revolution.

It improved agricultural productivity and contributed to population growth and urban migration.

69
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What was the impact of the scientific advancements of the 19th century on society?

They led to unprecedented changes in technology, industry, and everyday life, reshaping societal norms.

70
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Who was the key advocate for women's suffrage in Britain?

Emmeline Pankhurst, who founded the Women's Social and Political Union.

71
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What is the definition of 'Social Darwinism'?

The belief in the survival of the fittest as a justification for social policies and imperialism.

72
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Identify a key cause of the Great Depression.

The stock market crash of 1929, which led to widespread bank failures and economic turmoil.

73
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What was the impact of the Hatch Act of 1887?

It provided federal funds for agricultural research and education in the United States.

74
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What did the term 'Gilded Age' refer to in American history?

A period of economic growth coupled with corruption and inequality in the late 19th century.

75
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What role did the Bolsheviks play in the Russian Revolution?

They led the overthrow of the provisional government and established a communist regime.

76
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What did the term 'neocolonialism' refer to in the post-colonial era?

The indirect control of former colonies through economic and political pressures.