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49 Terms

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Health Promotion

Focuses on maintaining or enhancing the physical and mental health of children

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Partnership Development

Key strategy for success in health promotion activities

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Principles of Health Supervision

Providing services proactively, optimizing child's functioning, ensuring appropriate growth and development, promoting best health, preventing injury and illness

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Three Components of Health Supervision

Developmental surveillance, injury and disease prevention, health promotion

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Growth

Increase in physical size

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Development

Sequential process of gaining skills and functions

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Maturation

Increase in functionality of body systems or skills

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Denver II Developmental Screening Test

Screens developmental milestones in gross motor, fine motor, language, and social skills

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Adjusted Age

Used for premature infants to assess growth and development milestones

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Newborn Reflexes

Sucking, Rooting, Grasp, Babinski, Moro, Tonic neck, Dance/step

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Infant Milestones

Fine pincer grasp, social smile, head turns, steady head control, rolling, peek-a-boo, object transfer, sitting unsupported, crawling, waving, walking with assistance, first words

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Toddler Safety

Focus on safety education, car seats, pool fences, prevention of accidental poisoning

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Puberty

Maturational changes in girls and boys, sequence of physical changes

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School Age/Adolescent Safety

Focus on preventing unintentional injuries, seatbelt use, swimming lessons, avoiding distractions while driving, recognizing signs of depression

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Growth Milestones

Doubling and tripling of birth weight, doubling of birth length, milestones like using scissors and tying shoes

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Erikson's Developmental Theories

Trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame and doubt, Initiative vs guilt, Industry vs inferiority, Identity vs role confusion

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Stressors in Hospitalized Children

Separation anxiety, loss of control, ways to minimize stress

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Autism

Neurodevelopmental disorder with deficits in social communication, diagnostic evaluation, prognosis, nursing care management

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Hearing Impairment

Complex disorder affecting social, language, and behavioral aspects, diagnostic evaluation, nursing care strategies.

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Hearing Impairment

When caring for a child who is hearing impaired, encourage the use of hearing aids, maintain eye contact, speak clearly, eliminate background noise, and use visual aids for communication.

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Visual Impairment

When working with a child who has a visual impairment, orient them to the environment, explain actions before touching, use familiar terms, keep items in consistent places, allow control, and supervise as needed.

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Nursing Assessment of Child w/ Disability

Assess intellectual skills, social interaction, ADLs, and communication, use simple language, involve the child in providing information, and follow a non-invasive assessment order.

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Emancipated Minor

A minor who has legal independence from parents through marriage, pregnancy, service in the armed forces, or court order, capable of giving informed consent.

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IV Access

Involves site selection, atraumatic care, peripheral IV placement, securement, use of infusion pumps, safety measures, maintenance, and complication assessment.

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Pain Management

Includes assessment scales like NIPS, FLACC, FACES, and numeric scale, opioid and non-opioid analgesics, and guidelines for pediatric pain management.

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Respiratory Dysfunctions

Assess respiratory function, including breathing patterns, cough characteristics, cyanosis, and auscultation techniques for lung sounds.

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Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

The most common form of croup caused by a viral infection, leading to inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

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Viral Croup

Inflammation of the upper airway.

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Pathophysiology of Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Includes Parainfluenza, RSV, and Influenza.

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Characteristics of Croup

Night-time cough and Barky cough.

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Signs and Symptoms of Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Include Inspiratory stridor, Suprasternal retractions, Nasal flaring, and Decreased pulse-ox.

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Nursing Interventions for Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Home Management with cool mist vaporizer, Elevate Head of Bed, Shower steam, Keep comfortable, and Increase PO fluids.

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Hospital Management for Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Monitor for respiratory distress, Provide cool mist humidified oxygen, Elevate HOB, and Administer medications like Oxygen, epinephrine nebulizer, and corticosteroids.

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Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis

Recurring night laryngeal obstruction that subsides in a few hours, often allergic-related.

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Pathophysiology of Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis

Involves RSV, Adenovirus, and Parainfluenza.

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Signs and Symptoms of Bronchiolitis

Tachypnea, Wheezing, Cough, Rhinorrhea, Sneezing, and Difficulty feeding.

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Nursing Interventions for Bronchiolitis

Include Nasal and/or nasopharyngeal suctioning, Frequent respiratory assessments, Positioning, and Monitoring pulse oximeter.

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Prevention of RSV Bronchiolitis

Palivizumab (Synagis) for high-risk infants.

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Pneumonia

Inflammation/infection of the alveoli and the pulmonary parenchyma.

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Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia

Fever, Cough, Tachypnea, Decreased breath sounds, Crackles, and Difficulty feeding.

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Nursing Interventions for Pneumonia

Administer Oxygen and Antibiotics as ordered, Chest PT, Monitor Pulse Ox, and Lay on affected side.

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Foreign Body Obstruction

Occlusion to lungs due to an offending object, leading to symptoms like Cough, Gagging, Wheezing, and Stridor.

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Nursing Interventions for Foreign Body Obstruction

Prevention through education on dangers of certain foods/toys, Emergency measures like Heimlich maneuver, and preparing for endoscopy.

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Asthma

Chronic airway inflammation with heightened reactivity, leading to airway obstruction and recurring symptoms.

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Status Asthmaticus

Severe asthma attack requiring immediate medical attention.

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Nursing Interventions for Asthma

Avoid triggers, Monitor pulse ox, Administer medications like Albuterol and corticosteroids, and Educate on asthma action plan and trigger avoidance.

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Cystic Fibrosis

Multisystem autosomal recessive disorder characterized by thick mucous production affecting respiratory, GI, and reproductive systems.

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Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Include Cough, Recurrent URI, Clubbing, Barrel chest, Intestinal obstruction, and Failure to thrive.

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Nursing Interventions for Cystic Fibrosis

Diagnose with sweat chloride test, Manage with Chest PT, Oxygen, and Pancreatic enzymes, and Provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.