Mitosis and Meiosis

Describe the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical daughter cells with exactly the same complement of chromosomes

How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?

1

What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

2 identical diploid daughter cells

What are sister chromatids?

identical copies of chromosomes that are joined at the centromere

Breifly describe what happens during prophase.

The chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to the opposite sides of the nucleus, initiating formation of the mitotic spindle.

Breifly describe what happens during metaphase.

The nucleus dissolved and the cells chromosomes condensed and moved together, aligning in the center of the dividing cells.

Briefly describe what happens during anaphase.

Sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cells.

Briefly describe what happens during telophase.

The cell is nearly done dividing and it starts to reestablish its normal structures as cytokinesis takes place.

Is cytokinesis part of mitosis?

No, but it is sometimes considered the sixth phase of mitosis.

Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis.

The sytokinesis splits in two and the cell divides.

Describe the purpose of meiosis.

To produce gamates (sperm/egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

How many times does the cell divide during meiosis?

Twice

What kind of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Four haploid cells

Briefly describe the difference of prophase 1 and 2.

Prophase I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, while prophase II involves the separation of sister chromatids (there are no homologous chromosomes in prophase 2)

Breifly describe the difference of metaphases 1 and 2.

In metaphase 1, there are pairs of homologous chromosomes that line up, and in metaphase 2, single chromosomes, which are not paired, line up at the midline of the cell.

Briefly describe the difference of anaphase 1 and 2.

Anaphase 1 is characterized by the separation of homoloug chromosomes, while anaphase 2 involves the separation of sister chromatids.

Brielfy describe the difference of telophases 1 and 2.

Telophase 1 follows the separation of homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells, while telophase 2 separates sister chromatids, producing four haploid cells.

What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put in the cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?

If a chemical prevents cell division, cells would be unable to split, leading to halted growth, potential cell cycle issues, and potentially triggering programmed cell death or cell death due to the inability to replicate or repair DNA.