APES Unit 5

three examples of a commons

air, ocean, National Parks

How does overfishing illustrate the tragedy of the commons

the common population of fish is depleted due to excessive harvesting, leading to resource depletion for all

What role do regualtions such as catch limits or size restrictions play in preventing the tragedy of the commons

the resources aren’t depleated and can last a long time

what is an ecological footprint and what does it measure

it is the amount of resources you use in your life, including food housing, greehouse gases, water etc

how can a populations ecological footprint exceed the earths biocapacity

they overuse resources

why do ecological footprints tend to be larger in developed countries

people have higher wealth and more access to resources

how can changes in diet, transportation, or energy use affect an individuals ecological footprint

decreasing animals eaten, using rideshare/public transport, and using solar energy all lower ecological footprints

what is a concentrated animal feeding operation(CAFO)? identify, explain enviorment and health concerns related to waste, antibiotic use, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution

Animals live in confined areas, large amount of greenhouse gases released, and antibiotics to prevent disease. Animals living in hostle care, human food becomes unhealthy.

define IPM and give one method and explain how it reduces enviornmental harm

IPM is using a variety of pest control methods to minimize environmental disruption. Use biocontrol to bring in a natural predator/parasite to control the pest.

what is salt water

heavy amounts of water evaporate from irrigation wells, leaving salt behind. similarly to flood irrigation

Definition: selective cutting (Forestry)

when trees are choosen in spread out areas to be cut down. Concern is removing a habitat and it is sustainable because the damage isnt in one large area.

Definition: Clear Cutting

When large areas of trees are removed. Ruins habitats and nutrients. Not sustainable.

Definition: Slash and Burn

Burning of area of trees. Helps nutrients. decreases biodiversity

Which forestry practice is most sustainable?

Selective removal is most sustainable because its controlled and causes least harm to surrounding habitats.

what is a controlled burn?

removes disease and toxins from forest. It is a management strategy because it keeps the forest healthy. Could get out of control, but unlikely. keeps plants growing healthy.

2 environmental concerns associated with aquaculture and explain how this concern can impact nearby aquatic ecosystems.

high ph from greenhouse gases leads to dying fish. overfishing leading to low ocean cleanliness.

tailing and slag

leftover waste material seperated from the valuable metal/mineral within ore

overburden

material in rocks

large-mesh gill nets

net catches all fish, no scraping ocean floor. medium habitat damage

long line fishing

line with bait, fish get caught on bait

bottom trawling

net scraps ocean ground picking up all things in path, habitat damage high

cynide fishing

use cynide to easily get fish, medium habitat damage

purse seine

net to catch schools of fish, catches them like purse

mountaintop removal

mountaintop blown off for mining, leads to no vegetation, erosion, and stream turbitity

strip mining

surface mining where machines remove overburden in strips

placer mining

process of looking for metals in river sediment, mercury used which is poision and detremental for humans and environment

open pit mining

machine digs holes and removes ores

why is surface mining less expensive than subsurface mining

less dangerous and less labor

how cynide heap leaching is used to extract gold and explain environment risks

cynide heap seperates gold from waste ore, its dangerous because cynide’s poision

what is acid mine drainage?

when rainwater leaks into abandoned tunnels and forms sulfuric acid

Definition: impervious surfaces

non-nature surfaces (ex cities), water runs to closest body of water

Definition: urban runoff

more pollutants because runs for longer

Definition: urban sprawl

population movement out of dense urban centers to suburban areas

how do imperious surfaces affect groundwater recharge and surface runoff?

they prevent groundwater recharge and water runoff into local bodies of water

why deos urbanization increase flooding compared to rural areas?

less resources to use the water, runoff

two pollutants commonly found in urban runoff and explain how they impact water quality

road salt=salinity of groundwater

sediment=turbitity in water

how can one urban planning strategy reduce the environment impacts of urbanization?

using public transit decreases urban runoff