Human Anatomy lecture 4The Back2 2024 no video

Skeletal framework

The structural support system of the body, consisting of bones and cartilage.

Vertebrae

The individual bones that make up the spinal column, a total of 33 in all.

Cervical Vertebrae

The seven vertebrae of the neck, labeled C1 to C7.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The twelve vertebrae of the upper and mid back, labeled T1 to T12.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The five vertebrae in the lower back, labeled L1 to L5.

Sacrum

A triangular bone at the base of the spine formed from the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

Coccyx

The small triangular bone at the end of the vertebral column, consisting of 3-5 fused vertebrae.

Foramen transversarium

An opening in cervical vertebrae that allows passage for the vertebral arteries and veins.

Articular facet

Surface areas on vertebrae where they connect with adjacent vertebrae or ribs.

Odontoid process (dens)

A prominent bony projection on the second cervical vertebra (C2), which allows rotation of the head.

Demifacets

Partial articular facets found on thoracic vertebrae for rib articulation.

Synovial joint

A joint characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, allowing for movement.

Intervertebral disc

Cartilaginous pads between vertebrae that provide cushioning and support.

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)

A ligament that stabilizes the spine by connecting the anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies.

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)

A ligament that stabilizes the spine by connecting the posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies.

Ligamentum Flavum

A strong ligament that runs between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and protects the spinal cord.

Cervical ribs

Abnormal additional ribs that can develop from the cervical vertebrae, potentially causing complications.

Vertebral body

The main, weight-supporting part of a vertebra.

Spinous process

A bony protrusion at the back of a vertebra, providing an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Anulus fibrosus

The outer fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc, which contains the inner nucleus pulposus.