History: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic

Catacombs

Became gathering places for worship as well as burial areas

Ichtus

Fish sign that was a symbol for faith

Constantine

The first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity

Edict of Milan

Recognition of Christianity

Nave

The narthex opens into this area, lighted by a clear story of windows

Aisle

Found on either side of the nave

Clerestory

Small window openings atop the side aisles

Transept

Transverse portion of the church crossing the nave

Apse

Semi circular space at the end of the building

Sanctuary

Space for principal altar covered by the ciborium

Ciborium

Tabernacle supported by marble columns covering the altar

Bema

Elevated altar platform

Pulpit

Where the priest addresses his congregation

Ambo

Raised pulpit on each side of the altar

Triforium

A passage above the side aisle opening to the nave

Cathedra

A bishop's chair

Mausoleum

A large tomb that is almost temple like

Illuminated manuscripts

Hand drawn scrolls enhanced by artists with decorations and paintings

Hagia Sophia

Greatest masterpiece during the Byzantine era

Justininan

Ruler during the Byzantine era

Constantinople

Ruler during the Early Christina era

Pendentive

one of the concave triangular members that support a dome over a square space

Squinch

Place diagonally across the internal angles of a tower to convert the square form into an octagonal base to support an octagonal spire or circular dome

Anthemius

Architect of Hagia Sophia

Romanesque

To designate buildings whose round arches and blunt heavy walls that bear resemblance with ancient Roman architecture

Tympanum

The space between the door and inner arch filled with stone slab, decorate and acted as the focal point of the ornament

Triforium arcade

(Part of a cathedral) A blind storey

Clerestory arcade

(Part of a cathedral) Row of windows

Almonry

(Part of a monastery) contains the treasury

Abbot's lodging

(Part of a monastery) room of the head of the monastery

Castle

"Keep"

A large building fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers and in many cases a moat

Trumeau

A pillar in the center of a portal

Cluster pier

A group of columns working as a single unit

Striped incrustration

Produced by alternating dark green and cream colored marble, provides a luxurious polychromy

Gislebertus

Master stone carver who created the tympanum at the church of St. Lazare

Wiligelmus

A German goldsmith, master craftsman who sculptured the frieze of the faced of Modena cathedral

Abbot Suger

Great Northern cathedrals were built under his patronage

Chevet

A single flowing space where chapels opened art into each other

Rayonnant

Architecture period that derived from the radiating spokes of immense rose windows

Ribbed vaulting

A masonry vault with a relatively thin web and set within a framework of rubs

Quadripartite

Ribbed vaulting that is divided into four sections by two diagonal ribs

Sexpartite

Surface is divided into six sections by three ribs

Lierne

Star like pattern vaulting

Tierceron

A major rib in a complex rib vault

Flying buttresses

They reach up over the side aisles to provide support at strategic positions alongside the nave

Pinnacle

A small turret-like termination on top of buttresses, parapets, or elsewhere

Crockes

Bunches of foliage that serve as ornaments on pinnacles

Finial

A foliated ornament forming an upper extremity in Architecture

Spire

The tapering termination of a tower which was a result of elongating a pyramidal or conical roof

Gable

Triangular portion of a wall between the enclosing lines of a sloping roof

Stained glass

Large window openings containing rich colored glass and complex stone tracery

Tracery

An ornamental arrangement of intersecting rib work forming a pierced pattern

Mullions, transom

Windows are vertically divided by ________________, horizontally by _____________ into panels

Gargoyle

A carved figure used to ornament a drainpipe or spout carrying water away from a church roof or tower

Claus Sluter

Flemish sculptor who create momentous works during the Late Gothic