Unit 4 – Motivation and Emotion

Flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 4 on Motivation and Emotion, including theories of motivation, physiological aspects of emotion, and stress-related topics.

Motivation

The process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Instinct Theory

Theory that suggests behaviors are driven by instinctual factors.

Drive-Reduction Theory

Theory that explains motivation as a means to reduce drives and achieve homeostasis.

Homeostasis

The tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state.

Arousal Theory

Theory that suggests people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Principle stating that performance increases with arousal up to an optimal point.

Sensation Seeking Theory

Theory by Zuckerman that proposes individuals high in sensation seeking may need more stimulation.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from within the individual, driven by personal satisfaction.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation that is driven by external rewards or pressures.

Self Determination Theory

Theory that emphasizes intrinsic motivation and the need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Motivational Conflicts Theory

Theory by Kurt Lewin that describes conflicts arising from competing motivations.

Approach-Approach Conflict

A conflict between two desirable options.

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

A conflict between two undesirable options.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A conflict involving a single goal that has both appealing and unappealing aspects.

Basal Metabolic Rate

The rate at which the body expends energy at rest to maintain normal body functions.

Hypothalamus

Brain region that regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic systems.

Hunger Hormones

Hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, that regulate hunger and satiety.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an essential energy source for the body's cells.

Stress Hormones

Chemicals released during stress responses, including cortisol.

Cortisol

A stress hormone that regulates various body functions and responses.

Type A Personality

Personality characterized by high competitiveness, urgency, and hostility.

Type B Personality

Personality characterized by a relaxed and easy-going approach to life.

Broaden-and-Build Theory of Emotion

The theory that positive emotions expand thought-action repertoires and build personal resources.

Facial Feedback Effect

The phenomenon where facial expressions influence emotional experiences.

Display Rules

Cultural norms that dictate the appropriate expressions of emotions in different situations.