Native America, European Colonization, and Latin American Independence Movements Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on Native America, European Colonization, and Latin American Independence Movements.

Cahokia

A major Mississippian settlement near modern-day St. Louis, known for its mounds and social hierarchy.

Haudenosaunee

A confederacy of Native American nations in New York State and Ontario, known for its democratic government and matrilineal society.

Matrilineal Society

A society in which lineage, inheritance, and social identity are traced through the female line.

Métis

People of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, particularly associated with French colonization.

Enclosure Movement

The historical process of fencing in previously common land for private ownership in England.

Roanoke Island

An early English settlement that mysteriously disappeared, also known as the Lost Colony.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620, establishing a self-governing body based on majority rule.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who agreed to work for a specified period (usually 5-7 years) in exchange for passage to America.

Atlantic Slave Trade

The transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Middle Passage

The voyage from Africa to the Americas, which enslaved Africans were forced to endure

Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals that spread through the American colonies in the 1720s-1740s.

Sugar Act of 1764

A British law that increased revenue by collecting duties on sugar, and prevented smuggling.

Stamp Act of 1765

A British law that imposed a direct tax on printed materials in the American colonies.

Townshend Act

A series of British laws that imposed taxes on imported goods such as glass, paint, paper and tea.

Boston Massacre

A clash between British troops and Boston civilians in March 1770, resulting in the deaths of five colonists.

Tea Act

A British law that gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies.

Intolerable Acts

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Continental Congress

A body of delegates from the American colonies that met in Philadelphia in 1774 to address grievances with Great Britain.

Lexington and Concord

The first battles of the American Revolutionary War, fought in April 1775.

Olive Branch Petition

A document written by John Dickinson, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in July 1775, appealing to King George III for reconciliation between Great Britain and the American colonies.

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776, advocating for American independence from Great Britain.

Declaration of Independence

A document written by Thomas Jefferson and signed on July 4, 1776, declaring the American colonies independent from Great Britain.

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to the British crown during the American Revolutionary War.

Treaty of Paris

The treaty signed in 1783 that officially ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized american Independence.

Grands Blancs

In Haitian society, wealthy white planters formed the smallest segment of the population.

Affranchis

In Haitian society, free people of color, often of mixed race, who owned land and wealth.

Haitian Revolution

A slave rebellion from 1791-1804 that led to Haiti becoming the first independent state in Latin America.

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

A priest who initiated the Mexican independence movement with the 'Grito de Dolores' in 1810.

Plan de Iguala

A plan that called for a Mexican Constitutional Monarchy, protection of the Catholic faith, Independent Mexican nation and social equality

Tratado de Córdoba

Established independent constitutional monarchy in Mexico in August 24, 1821