APES unit 8

reduce/reduced/reduces

Human wastewater causes the water pollution problem of ______________ concentrations of dissolved oxygen.

human

High levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and high BOD generally indicates that a body of water is contaminated by ________ wastewater.

organic

Sewage treatment plants use bacteria to break down __________ matter during the secondary treatment process only.

discharge

The circumstance in which a sewage treatment plant is legally permitted to bypass normal treatment protocol and ___________ large amounts of sewage directly into a lake or river is when combined volumes of storm water and wastewater exceed the capacity of the older plant.

reduce/reduced/reduces

Tertiary treatment of wastewater ___________ eutrophication of nearby waters.

arsenic

____________ is an inorganic substance that is naturally occurring in rocks, soluble in groundwater, and toxic at low concentrations.

decreased

A forest surrounding a stream is cleared to create pasture for cattle grazing. A likely result of this action could be ___________ water clarity due to increased erosion and sedimentation.

oxygen

This graph plots variable Y as it changes over the course of a stream. The arrow indicates an area where wastewater from a sewage treatment plant is released into the stream. Y most likely represents dissolved ___________.

human

High levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and high BOD are indicators that the contamination of the stream in the graph (indicated by the arrow) is from __________ wastewater.

natural

A true statement about oil pollution is that nearly half of global oil pollution comes from ________ seeps.

food

An accurate relationship that exists between health risks and income is that a major risk in low-income countries is a lack of ______.

mosquito(es)

Malaria is an example of an infectious disease transmitted by _____________.

month(s)

Dose-response studies can last for days or ___________. This is an accurate statement that best describes the process of dose-response studies

human

The majority of emerging infectious diseases arise when a disease unexpectedly jumps from an animal to a(n) ______ host.

mosquito(es)

Zika is a disease that is transmitted by __________.

pollution/pollutants

Although thermal and sediment _________ have different sources, they both can harm fish in the open ocean.

inorganic

_________ chemicals in groundwater are regulated by the EPA Clean Water Act or Safe Drinking Water Act.

reduce/reduced/reduces

Utilizing packing materials that are recyclable is most likely to __________ the total amount of material that ends up as municipal solid waste in a landfill.

open-loop

___________ recycling refers to a process where one product is recycled into a different product.

least

Net primary productivity of the habitat is one of the factors ________ likely to contribute to a decision on where to locate a landfill.

They are the same

Assume an incinerator can produce 500 kWh of energy by incinerating 1 ton of waste and can sell electricity for $0.06/kWh. What is the overall dollar cost of incineration relative to a landfill?

more

Incinerators produce solid waste, which must be removed periodically and transported offsite.
This is a major reason why an incinerator charges ______ per ton in tipping fees.

superfund

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act is referred to as the __________ because it imposes taxes collected from chemical and petroleum industries to fund the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites.

dosage

Given the mortality curve in the graph for a rat, 20 mg would be a safe ________ of caffeine.

contaminant/contaminated

Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA is responsible for setting maximum ________ levels.

reduce/reduced/reduces

Product substitution is usually the best solution to __________ household production of hazardous waste.

contaminant/contaminated

According to the passage, it will take 25 minutes for Procter & Gamble's water purification powder to filter and disinfect ________ water.

purpose

According to the passage, the best description of the ________ of Procter & Gamble's powder to purify drinking water was to help provide clean drinking water to those without access to it.

B

Stream ____ has the most acidic water.

pollution/pollutants

Animal waste and/or excess fertilizer from a farm or agricultural area are the likely _________ affecting the data from Stream A.

reduce/reduced/reduces

Stream A flows into a local pond. Animal waste and/or excess fertilizer from a farm or agricultural area are the likely pollutants that have affected Stream A. It is thus likely that dissolved oxygen concentrations in that pond would be _________ as a result of the pollution; possibly because it would cause an algae bloom.

pollution/pollutants

Runoff from mine tailings and/or acid mine drainage are likely cause(s) of _________ affecting Stream B.

contaminant/contaminated

Potential environmental problems that may be caused if Stream B overflowed beyond its banks could include metal ion- _________ soil, inhibited plant growth, and acidic soil.

A

Possible research questions for the study in Stream _____ could be:
1. How does pesticide runoff affect amphibian populations?
2. Is there a relationship between pesticides and amphibian populations?

variable(s)

The dependent ______ in the study in Stream A would be the frog population.

variable(s)

_________ not mentioned that could affect the results of the study in Stream A could be water temperature, fertilizer or waste runoff, and/or time of the year and season.

reduce/reduced/reduces

A possible explanation for the frog population to _____ beginning in 2005 could be that the new pesticide is toxic.

nonpoint source

Sediment from improperly managed construction sites that acts as an aquatic pollutant could be considered ___________ pollution.