Cell Biology

Cell

Basic building block of organisms, specialized functions.

Organelle

Unique parts of a cell performing specific tasks.

Nucleus

Contains DNA, controls cell activities.

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis, composed of rRNA.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes for protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins for transport.

Mitochondria

Produces ATP, has own DNA and ribosomes.

Phospholipid Bilayer

Double layer of phospholipids forming cell membranes.

Hydrophobic Tails

Water-repelling parts of phospholipids.

Hydrophilic Heads

Water-attracting parts of phospholipids.

Cholesterol

Maintains membrane fluidity and stability.

Channel Proteins

Allow ions and fluids to pass through membranes.

Glycoproteins

Serve as signals for cell recognition.

Chromosomes

Wound-up DNA within the nucleus.

Translation

Process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

mRNA

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Nuclear Membrane

Porous barrier surrounding the nucleus.

Cristae

Inner membrane folds of mitochondria for ATP production.

Kreb Cycle

Metabolic pathway producing ATP in mitochondria.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)

Studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes for breaking down waste.

Vesicle

Storage sac for proteins, water, and waste.