Studied by 1 person
Thermochemistry
The study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and physical changes.
Endothermic Reaction
A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, resulting in a positive enthalpy change (∆H > 0).
Exothermic Reaction
A reaction that releases energy to its surroundings, resulting in a negative enthalpy change (∆H < 0).
Enthalpy (H)
A thermodynamic quantity that represents the total heat content of a system.
Heat Transfer (q)
The amount of energy transferred as heat during a temperature change; calculated using q = c m ∆T.
Calorimetry
The measurement of heat changes in physical and chemical processes using a calorimeter.
Heat Capacity (C)
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Specific Heat Capacity (c)
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Thermal Equilibrium
A state in which two objects in thermal contact reach the same temperature.
Bond Enthalpy
The energy required to break one mole of a particular type of bond in gaseous molecules, measured in kJ/mol.
Molar Enthalpy of Formation
The heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
Hess’s Law
The principle stating that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, regardless of the number of steps in the reaction.
Latent Heat
The heat required for a phase change, such as melting or vaporization, at constant temperature.
Heat of Vaporization
The amount of energy needed to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.
Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat required to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point.
Kinetic Energy (KE)
The energy that an object possesses due to its motion, quantified as KE = ½mv².
Potential Energy (PE)
The energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.
Thermal Energy
The total energy of the particles in a substance, related to temperature.
Enthalpy Change (∆H)
The difference in enthalpy between products and reactants during a chemical reaction.
Phase Change
A transition of matter from one state to another, such as from solid to liquid.
