food resources vocab

industrialized agriculture

Using large inputs of energy from fossil fuels, water, fertilizer, and pesticides to produce large quantities of crops and livestock for sale.

high-input agriculture

Another term for industrialized agriculture.

plantation agriculture

Growing specialized crops such as bananas and coffee in tropical developing countries primarily for sale to developed countries.

traditional subsistence agriculture

Production of enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival, and a surplus in good years.

traditional intensive agriculture

Producing enough food for survival and possibly a surplus, using higher inputs than traditional subsistence agriculture.

green revolution

Introduction of scientifically bred or selected varieties of grain like rice and wheat that increase crop yields with high inputs.

interplanting

Simultaneously growing a variety of crops on the same plot.

polyvarietal cultivation

Planting a plot of land with several varieties of the same crop.

intercropping

Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.

agroforestry

Planting trees and crops together.

alley cropping

Planting of crops in strips with rows of trees or shrubs on each side.

polyculture

Complex form of intercropping with a large number of different plants maturing at different times.

undernutrition

Insufficient food consumption to meet minimum daily energy needs for a prolonged time.

malnutrition

Faulty nutrition caused by a diet lacking essential nutrients needed for good health.

marasmus

Nutritional deficiency disease from a diet lacking enough calories and protein.

kwashiorkor

Type of malnutrition in infants that occurs on a starchy diet low in protein after weaning.

overnutrition

Diet too high in calories and low in fruits and vegetables, leading to health risks.

fisheries

Concentrations of aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in an ocean area or inland water.

sustainable yield

Annual catch size that can be harvested indefinitely without declining population.

overfishing

Harvesting so many fish that too few breeding stock remain.

commercial extinction

Depletion of a wild species population to a level not profitable for harvesting.

aquaculture

Growing and harvesting fish and shellfish in ponds, lakes, or coastal areas.

fish-farming

A form of aquaculture where fish are cultivated in a controlled environment.

fish-ranching

Aquaculture where fish are held in captivity and released to be harvested later.

sustainable agriculture

Method of farming based on organic fertilizers, soil and water conservation, and minimal fossil fuel use.

low-input agriculture

Another term for sustainable agriculture.