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K-selected species
Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.
r-selected species
Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.
density dependent factors
limiting factor that depends on population size
density independent factors
limiting factors that are independent of the size of a population and act to regulate its growth
biotic potential
The maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
Malthusian Theory
Starvation is the inevitable result of population growth, because the population increases at a geometric rate while food supply can only increase arithmetically
Rule of 70
A method for determining the number of years it will take for some measure to double, given its annual percentage increase. Example: To determine the number of years it will take for the price level to double, divide 70 by the annual rate of inflation.
Demographic Transition Model
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
standard of living
the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.
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