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Big Idea of Declaration of Independence
balance between government power and individual rights
(DOI) all people are
created equal (natural rights of life, liberty, property)
(DOI) If the government does not protect natural rights then
the people have the duty to change/destroy
(DOI) complaints to create that caused the creation
quarter soldiers, cutting off trade from the rest of the world, taxes
DOI quote
A long train of abuses and usurpations
Cause for AOC change
Shays Rebellion
Weaknesses of AOC
No president, no judiciary, no forced taxation, and no standing army
AOC legislature
unicameral (1 vote per state)
AOC had a ____________ central government
limited
AOC’s limitations on the central government made it
ineffective at governing
AOC quote
All charges of war…shall be defrayed out of a common treasury
Constitution big idea
emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government
Article I
bicameral legislature (house/Senate)
Article II
President needs to be a natural born citizen, 35, elected by electoral college
Article III
Supreme Court as the highest court in the land, lifetime appointments
Article IV
States have the authority to make rules for themselves, full faith and credit
Article V
Amendment procedure, 2/3 of house and ¾ of states to ratify
Article VI
constitution and federal laws are the highest in the land, federal government is responsible for repaying all debts
Article VII
9/13 states needed to ratify
Amendments 1-8
Individual rights
Amendment 9
Rights not listed are not denied to the people
Amendment 10
Powers not given to the federal government nor denied to the states are state powers
Other amendments are generally
expansions of the people
Constitution quote
The Vice President shall be the president of the Senate
Brutus 1 was ______ the consitution
against
Brutus 1 believed that more federal power requires people to
sacrifice their liberties
Brutus 1 believed a Bill of Rights was
necessary to protect people from the government
Brutus 2 believed this about Congress’ power
had too much power (taxation, standing army, necessary and proper clause)
Brutus 1 believed this about the size of the US
it was too large for a free republic to exist
Brutus 1 thought that because of the size of the US would cause the country to be
run by elites
Brutus 1 quote
This government is to possess absolute and uncontrollable power
Federalist 10 is about
factions
Fed 10 quote
Liberty is to faction what air is to fire
Federalist 10 believed that a large republic would
control factions because more elected representatives brought more opinions
Fed 51 quote
If all men were angels no government would be necessary
Fed 51 is about
3 branches of government
Fed 51 believed each branch needed to be
self-sufficient, to protect from one taking all the power
Fed 51 believed the legislative branch needed to
be split between the house and the Senate because it is the most powerful branch
Fed 51 believed that judicial branch’s judges
needed to be chosen by the president with the senates approval
Fed 51 mentioned
absolute negative
Fed 10 big idea
government will be able to control violence and damage caused by factions
Fed 51 big idea
constitution created a competitive policy-ensuring people’s wills are accurately represented and freedom is preserved
Fed 70 big idea
presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers
Fed 70 argues that
unity is the executive branch is a main ingredient for energy and safety
Fed 70 justifies executive strength by claiming that
a slow moving Congress will be blessed balanced by a quick executive
Fed 70 believes that a presidential term should be
long enough to promote stability
Fed 70 quote
need to give energy to the executive
Fed 78 big idea
judicial branch is designed to protect the Supreme Court’s independence and keep its power
Fed 78 believes that the judiciary is
the weakest branch
Fed 78 believes that the legislature cannot
be relied upon to police itself
Fed 78 recommends
lifetime appointments
Letter from Birmingham Jail big idea
14th amendment equal protection clause hasn’t been used to support the advancement of equality
Letter from Birmingham Jail argues that demonstrators have a
duty to fight for justice
Fed 78 quote
the weakest of the three departments of power
Letter from Birmingham Jail
Justice too long delayed is justice denied
Letter from Birmingham Jail believed that segregation is
immoral in the eyes of God
Letter From Birmingham Jail claimed that white Americans that do not act
are the biggest obstacle in the way of racial equality
Politics
the process by which we select our governmental leaders
politics is the struggle over
who gets what, when, and how
political participation
the ways in which people get involved in politics
single-issue groups
interest groups whose members will vote on a single issue
the policy-making system
people shape policy
4 linkage instiutions
political parties, elections, Mass media, interest groups
4 policy making institutions are
legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch, bureaucracy
public policy
a choice that the government makes in response to a political issue
policy impacts
the effects that a policy has on people and problems
democracy
a system in which policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences
democracy needs
views/opinions from all sides to function effectively
the three contemporary theories of American democracy
pluralist, elitist, participatory
pluralist theory
politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its preferred policices
elitist theory
societies are decided along class lines and upper-class elite will rule
participatory theory
the more people who vote the better it is for everyone
challenges to democracy
harder for citizens to make decisions, limited participation in government, campaign costs stop people from running for office, policy gridlock
american political culture
political culture is an overall set of values widely shared within a society
five elements of American political culture
liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, lassez-faire, populism
liberty
freedom
egalitarianism
equality of opportunity
individualism
people can/should get ahead on their own
populism
supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites
declaration of independence was written by
thomas jefferson
declaration of independence was passed on
july 4, 1776 (revolution continued for 6 more years)
Americas first form of government
articles of confederation
weaknesses of aoc
couldn’t raise taxes, no army, difficult to pass legislation, unanimous amendments, no supreme court, no executive branch, Congress could’t regulate trade, Congress couldn’t create a monetary system
constitutional convention was
in Philadelphia, 1787, done in secret
washington and franklin believed (constitution)
preferred limited national authority based on separation of powers
rutledge and Morris believed (constitution)
didn’t trust the common man to govern
hamilton believed (constitution)
wanted a monarch
madison and Wilson believed (constitution)
wanted a central government founded on popular support
the great compromise (Connecticut)
created bicameral legislature
cause for great compromise
small states wanted representation to be equal, big states wanted representation to be based on population
great compromise-house of representatives
based on population
great compromise-senate
each state has two members
separation of power was proposed by
james madison
federalists were in favor of a
strong central government and pushed for the constitution
anti-federalist wanted a
weak central government and tried to block the constitution
bill of rights is the
first ten amendments to the constitution
bill of rights was included
to ensure the constitution would receive the support of the necessary number of state
first amendment
freedom of speech, religion, assembly, petition the government, press
freedom of religion
congress shall make no law establishing a religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof
second amendment
right to bear arms