LSAT Formal Logic and Conditional Reasoning (copy)

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Helping train logical reasoning for the LSAT. For cards with terms such as “Confusing Sufficiency for Necessity (INVALID)”, aim to memorize the structure before flipping the card.

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42 Terms

1
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Confusing Sufficiency for Necessity (INVALID)

A → B
_________
B → A

2
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A → B
_________
B → A

INVALID OR VALID?

INVALID (Confusing Sufficiency for Necessity)

3
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Denying the Sufficient Condition (INVALID)

A → B
/A
_________
/B

4
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A → B
/A
_________
/B

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (Denying the Sufficient Condition)

5
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Affirming the Necessary Condition (INVALID)

A → B
B
________
A

6
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A → B
B
________
A

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (Affirming the Necessary Condition)

7
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Most Statements are NOT Reversible (INVALID)

A —m→ B
_________
B —m→ A

8
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A —m→ B
_________
B —m→ A

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (Most Statements are NOT Reversible)

9
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All Before Most (INVALID)

A → B —m→ C
_________
A ←s→ C

10
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A → B —m→ C
_________
A ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (All Before Most)

11
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All Before Some (INVALID)

A → B ←s→ C
_____________
A ←s→ C

12
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A → B ←s→ C
_____________
A ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (All Before Some)

13
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Most Before Most (INVALID)

A —m→ B —m→ C
__________________
A ←s→ C

14
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A —m→ B —m→ C
__________________
A ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (Most before Most)

15
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Some Before Some (INVALID)

A ←s→ B ←s→ C
______________
A ←s→ C

16
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A ←s→ B ←s→ C
______________
A ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

INVALID (Some before Some)

17
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The Conditional Argument (VALID)

 A → B
(x)A
________
(x)B

18
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 A → B
(x)A
________
(x)B

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Conditional Argument)

19
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The Contrapositive Argument (VALID)

A → B
(x)/B
________
(x)/A

20
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A → B
(x)/B
________
(x)/A

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Contrapositive Argument)

21
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Conditional Chaining (VALID)

A → B → C
________
A → C

22
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A → B → C
________
A → C

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Conditional Chaining)

23
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Some Before All (VALID)

A ←s→ B → C
________
A ←s→ C

24
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A ←s→ B → C
________
A ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Some Before All)

25
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Most Before All (VALID)

A —m→ B → C
________
A —m→ C

26
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A —m→ B → C
________
A —m→ C

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Most Before All)

27
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Two Mosts (VALID)

A —m→ B
A —m→ C
________
B ←s→ C

28
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A —m→ B
A —m→ C
________
B ←s→ C

Invalid or Valid?

VALID (Two Mosts)

29
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Translate: “If it is hot and Brian is outside, he will be sweaty.”

H and O —> S

30
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Negate: “If it is hot and Brian is outside, he will be sweaty.”

/S —> /H or /O

“If Brian is not sweaty, then it must be not hot or Brian must not be outside.”

31
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Negate: A and B —> C

/C —> /A or /B

(remember that negated “and” becomes “or”)

32
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Translate: “If Susan is feeling unwell, she will call in sick to work and stay home.”

U —> C and H

33
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Negate: “If Susan is feeling unwell, she will call in sick to work and stay home.”

/C or /H —> /U

“If Susan doesn’t call in sick, or if she doesn’t stay home, then she is not feeling unwell.”

34
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Negate: A —> B and C

/C or /B —> /A

(remember that negated “and” becomes “or”)

35
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Translate: “If Talissa has a son, she will name him John or Dan.”

S —> J or D

36
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Negate: “If Talissa has a son, she will name him John or Dan.”

/J and / D —> /S

“If Talissa doesn’t name a child John and doesn’t name a child Dan, then she didn’t have a son.”

37
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Negate: A —> B or C

/B and /C —> /A

(remember that negated “or” becomes “and”)

38
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Translate: “If I eat candy or rocks for breakfast, I won’t feel well.”

C or R —> /W

39
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Negate: “If I eat candy or rocks for breakfast, I won’t feel well.”

W —> /C and /R

“If I am feeling well, then I didn’t eat candy for breakfast and I didn’t eat rocks for breakfast.”

40
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Negate: A or B —> C

/C —> /A and /B

(remember that negated “or” becomes “and”)

41
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“Not all” or /All

“Some not” or /Some

42
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Translate: Not all teachers love apples.

T ← some → /LA

Some teachers do not love apples