RTU Reviewer Flashcards

Flashcards on various topics covered in the lecture notes, including Filipino language variations, English speech styles, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, science concepts (nuclear fission/fusion, plate tectonics, mineral hardness), Earth's layers, atomic structure, wave properties (reflection, refraction, diffraction), Hubble's theory, components of the periodic table, chemical bonding, Newton's laws of motion, and mathematical concepts (mean, median, mode, functions, interest, inverse functions, statistics).

Idyolek

Personal use of language, often unique to an individual, reflecting their unique style and expression.

Dayalek

Language variety developed within a specific region.

Sosyolek

Temporary language variety used by a particular group, often related to socio-economic status or gender.

Etnolek

Language variety that develops from the languages of ethnolinguistic groups.

Ekolek

Words commonly spoken at home.

Pidgin

A language with no formal structure, used for communication between people who speak different languages; relies on makeshift words.

Creole

A language that develops a formal structure from a mixture of languages and becomes the primary language of a particular place.

Rejister

Specialized language used in a particular domain.

Jargon

Special words or expressions used by a particular group, often professionals or specialists.

Frozen Style

Used in very formal settings, requires no feedback, language is fixed and static.

Formal Style

Used in speaking to medium to large groups; avoids slang and has a standard vocabulary.

Consultative Style

Used in semi-formal communication with two-way participation; sentences tend to be shorter and spontaneous.

Casual Style

Language used between friends; relaxed, informal, and often uses slang.

Intimate Style

Private language used within family or close friends, often with personal language codes.

Kinesics

Interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures as a whole.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Self-esteem

Confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-respect.

Self Concept

An idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

Self Confidence

A feeling of trust in one's abilities, qualities, and judgment.

Nuclear Fission

A reaction where a heavy nucleus is bombarded by neutrons and decomposes into two nuclei with the detachment of energy and emission of neutrons.

Nuclear Fussion

A nuclear process where energy is produced by smashing together light atoms.

Convergence Theory

Theory stating that as nations industrialize, the same societal patterns will emerge, creating a global culture.

Convergent Plate

A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward each other. It can form mountain ranges or subduction zones.

Mohs scale of mineral hardness

A scale characterizing the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material.

Hermaphrodite

An organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes.

Cuneiform

The earliest writing system of Sumerians.

Ziggurat

Stepped pyramid of Sumerians.

Crust

The thinnest layer of the Earth, ranging from 5–70 km in depth, consisting of continental and oceanic types.

Mantle

The thickest layer of Earth, extending down 2,890 km, making up about 84% of Earth’s volume.

Core

The hottest part of the Earth

Atom

The basic unit of matter.

Light Ray

The hypothetical construct that indicates the direction of the propagation of light at any point in space.

Reflection of Waves

Change in direction of waves when they bounce off a barrier.

Refraction of Waves

A change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another, accompanied by a change in speed and wavelength.

Diffraction of Waves

Change in direction of waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path.

Relativity Theory

Laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels.

Metals

Elements on the left side of the periodic table with properties including metallic luster, high conductivity, ductility, and malleability.

Metalloids (or Semimetals)

Elements along the zig-zag line on the right side of the periodic table exhibit some properties of metals and some of the nonmetals.

Nonmetals

Elements on the right side of the periodic table, usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Ionic Bonds

Form between atoms with very different electronegativity values. Form crystal lattices containing positively charged cation and negatively-charged anions.

Covalent Bonds

Atoms share electrons, forming between nonmetal atoms.

Metallic Bonds

Metals bond to other metals to share valence electrons in an electron sea surrounding all the affected atoms.

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration (F = ma).

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Atoms

Tiny particles consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Electrons

A type of subatomic particle with a negative charge.

Protons

A type of subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Neutrons

A type of subatomic particle with no charge (they're neutral).

Hubble's Theory

The theory that the universe is expanding, with galaxies moving away from each other at a speed proportional to their distance.

Crater

A cup-shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the earth or other heavenly body marking the orifice of a volcano or impact site.

Complete Flower

A flower is considers this if it has sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.

Wave

A periodic disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it.

Transverse Wave

A wave wherein the particles of the medium move in the direction that is perpendicular to that of the wave.

Longitudinal Wave

A wave that moves parallel to the direction of waves of particles in motion.

Electromagnetic Waves

Waves where the periodic changes occur in electric and magnetic fields.

Matter Waves

Waves that depict a wave nature of all matter, that is, that forms atoms, our body etc.

Simple Interest

A quick and easy method of calculating the interest charge on a loan. Determined by multiplying the daily interest rate by the principal by the number of days that elapse between payments.

Compound Interest

Interest calculated on the initial principal and which also includes all of the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan.

Inverse Function

A function that reverses another function: if the function f applied to an input x gives a result of y, then applying its inverse function g to y gives the result x, and vice versa.

Bivariate Data

Data that involves two different variables whose values can change. Purpose is to analyze and explain the relationship to the variables.

Percentile

A measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations falls.