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10 Terms
1
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What is the initial source of energy for most communities?
Light
2
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How does energy move through a food chain?
energy enters as sunlight;
trapped by plants / producers / autotrophs;
converted to chemical energy in photosynthesis;
energy flows through the trophic levels in food chain;
passed to first consumers when they eat plants then from consumer to consumer by feeding;
energy passes to decomposers in dead organic matter;
trapped by plants / producers / autotrophs;
converted to chemical energy in photosynthesis;
energy flows through the trophic levels in food chain;
passed to first consumers when they eat plants then from consumer to consumer by feeding;
energy passes to decomposers in dead organic matter;
3
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4
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5
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How is energy lost from a food chain?
lost from the community as heat as a result of cell respiration / metabolism / movement;
energy is lost between trophic levels due to parts that are not eaten / assimilated and due to excretion;
energy is lost between trophic levels due to parts that are not eaten / assimilated and due to excretion;
6
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Why are food chains usually limited to only a few trophic levels?
energy transfers between trophic levels are very inefficient/high energy losses between levels
approximately 90% lost / 10% passed on between trophic levels;
number of trophic levels limited by amount of energy entering into the ecosystem
approximately 90% lost / 10% passed on between trophic levels;
number of trophic levels limited by amount of energy entering into the ecosystem
7
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Why is the biomass lower at higher trophic levels than at those below them?
due to losses of carbon dioxide, water and other waste products of metabolism
8
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Explain the difference in the movement of energy and nutrients in ecosystems.
energy enters from (sun)light and is captured by producers;
energy flows through the trophic levels;
energy transfer is (approximately) 10% from one level to the next due to heat energy is lost through (cell) respiration, energy loss due to material not consumed / assimilated / excreted;
nutrient cycles within ecosystem / nutrients are recycled;
nutrients absorbed by producers and move to consumers through food chain by eating / digestion of other organisms;
nutrients recycled from decomposition of dead organisms;
energy flows through the trophic levels;
energy transfer is (approximately) 10% from one level to the next due to heat energy is lost through (cell) respiration, energy loss due to material not consumed / assimilated / excreted;
nutrient cycles within ecosystem / nutrients are recycled;
nutrients absorbed by producers and move to consumers through food chain by eating / digestion of other organisms;
nutrients recycled from decomposition of dead organisms;
9
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State the role of decomposers in an ecosystem
To recycle nutrients
10
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Explain the shape of, a typical pyramid of energy.
\-the shape of pyramid shows energy lost from base to top of pyramid
each level on the pyramid is about 10% of the size of the one below it because 90% energy lost between levels;
energy is lost as it flows through a food chain, most as heat through respiration and the rest by waste products / not all the organism is consumed;
each level on the pyramid is about 10% of the size of the one below it because 90% energy lost between levels;
energy is lost as it flows through a food chain, most as heat through respiration and the rest by waste products / not all the organism is consumed;