ANAT 3001 appendicular muscles

muscles that move the scapula

1. trapezius 

2. rhomboids 

3. levator scapulae

4. pectoralis minor

5. serratus anterior

trapezius

trapezius ORIGIN

occipital bone, spinous process of vertebra

trapezius INSERTION

scapular spine, acromion, and lateral clavicle

trapezius ACTION

elevates, depresses, and adducts scapula

rhomboids

rhomboids ORIGIN

spinous process of vertebrae

rhomboids INSERTION

medial side of scapula

rhomboids ACTION

adducts (retracts) scapula

levator scapulae

levator scapulae ORIGIN

transverse process of vertebrae

levator scapulae INSERTION

superior angle of scapula

levator scapulae ACTION

elevate scapula

pectoralis minor

pectoralis minor ORIGIN

ribs

pectoralis minor INSERTION

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor ACTION

depress scapula

serratus anterior

serratus anterior ORIGIN

ribs

serratus anterior INSERTION

medial side of scapula

serratus anterior ACTION

abduct (protract) scapula

muscles that move the arm (flexors, extensors, abductor, rotator cuffs)

1. pectoralis major (flexor)

2. coracobrachialis (flexor)

3. latissimus dorsi (extensor)

4. teres major (extensor)

5. deltoid (abductor)

6. supraspinatus (rotator cuff)

7. infraspinatus (rotator cuff)

8. teres minor (rotator cuff)

9. subscapularis (rotator cuff)

pectoralis major

pectoralis major ORIGIN

sternum and clavicle

pectoralis major INSERTION

greater tubercle of humerus

pectoralis major ACTION

flex, adduct arm at shoulder

coracobrachialis

coracobrachialis ORIGIN

coracoid process of scapula

coracobrachialis INSERTION

proximal humerus

coracobrachialis ACTION

flex and adduct arm at shoulder

latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi ORIGIN

spinous process of vertebra and iliac crest

latissimus dorsi INSERTION

lesser tubercle of humerus

latissimus dorsi ACTION

extend, adduct arm at shoulder

teres major

teres major ORIGIN

inferior angle of the scapula

teres major INSERTION

lesser tubercle of humerus

*common insertion with latissimus dorsi

teres major ACTION

extend, adduct arm at shoulder

deltoid

deltoid ORIGIN

scapular spine, acromion, clavicle

deltoid INSERTION

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

deltoid ACTION

abduct, flex, extend arm at shoulder

rotator cuff muscles

1. supraspinatus 

2. infraspinatus

3. teres minor

4. subscapularis

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor ORIGIN

supraspinatus - supraspinous fossa of scapula

infrapsinatus - infraspinous fossa of scapula

teres minor - lateral border of scapula

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor INSERTION

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor ACTION

supraspinatus - abduct arm at shoulder

infraspinatus and teres minor - laterally rotate arm at shoulder

subscapularis

subscapularis ORIGIN

subscapular fossa of scapula

subscapularis INSERTION

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis ACTION

medially rotate arm at shoulder

muscles of the arm

anterior compartment of arm (flexors)

1. biceps brachii

2. brachialis

posterior compartment of arm (extensors)

1. triceps brachii

biceps brachii (long, short head)

biceps brachii ORIGIN

long head - above glenoid fossa

short head - coracoid process of scapula

biceps brachii INSERTION

radial tuberosity of radius

*muscle spans two joints

biceps brachii ACTION

flex forearm at elbow and supinate arm

brachialis

brachialis ORIGIN

distal humerus

brachialis INSERTION

coronoid process of ulna

brachialis ACTION

flex forearm at elbow

triceps brachii (lateral, long, medial head)

triceps brachii ORIGIN

lateral head - lateral surface of humerus

long head - below glenoid fossa

medial head - posterior surface of humerus

triceps brachii INSERTION

olecranon process of ulna

triceps brachii ACTION

extend forearm at elbow

muscles of the forearm

1. anterior compartment (flexors and pronators)

   1. brachioradialis

2. posterior compartment (extensors and supinators)

   1. pronator teres & quadratus

   2. supinator muscle

3. intrinsic muscles of the hand

anterior compartment (flexors)

anterior compartment ORIGIN

medial epicondyle of humerus

anterior compartment INSERTION

carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges of hand

anterior compartment ACTION

flex wrist, fingers, and thumb

brachioradialis

brachioradialis ORIGIN

distal, lateral humerus

brachioradialis INSERTION

styloid process of radius

brachioradialis ACTION

flex arm at elbow

posterior compartment (extensors)

posterior compartment ORIGIN

lateral epicondyle of humerus

posterior compartment INSERTION

carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges of the hand

posterior compartment ACTION

extend wrist, fingers, and thumb

protator teres and quadratus

protator teres and quadratus ORIGIN

ulna

protator teres and quadratus INSERTION

radius

protator teres and quadratus ACTION

pronates forearm *in anterior compartment

supinator muscle

supinator muscle ORIGIN

proximal ulna

supinator muscle INSERTION

proximal radius

supinator muscle ACTION

supinates forearm *in posterior compartment

intrinsic muscles of the hand

• 19 muscles 

• thenar - thumb muscles

• hypothenar - 5th digit muscles

muscles of the hip

hip flexors

1. psoas

2. illiacus 

gluteal compartment

1. gluteaus maximimus 

2. gluteaus medius

3. gluteaus minimus

psoas and illiacus

psoas and illiacus ORIGIN

psoas - transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

illiacus - iliac fossa and illium

psoas and illiacus INSERTION

lesser trochanter of femus (shares iliopsoas tendon)

psoas and illiacus ACTION

flex hip at thigh

gluteaus maximus

gluteaus maximus ORIGIN

iliac crest, sacrum

gluteaus maximus INSERTION

linea aspera and iliotibial band

gluteaus maximus ACTION

extend thigh at hip

gluteus medius and minimus

gluteus medius and minimus ORIGIN

ilium

gluteus medius and minimus INSERTION

greater trochanter of femur

gluteus medius and minimus ACTION

abduct thigh at hip

*pull center of gravity over foot when walking

muscles of the thigh

medial compartment

1. gracilis

2. adductor longus, magnus, brevis

anterior compartment of thigh

1. sartorius 

2. quadriceps

3. tensor fasciae latae

posterior compartment of thigh

1. hamstrings