Rural Development🏗🧱

Rural Development

Rural Development

refers to continuous and comprehensive socio-economic process, attempting to improve every corner of India

Rural credit

refers to the infusion of capital to the rural areas.

Agricultural Marketing

It involves assembling, Storing, PMossecing, transporting and grading of different agricultural commodities across the country .

Organic farming

it is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control.

Benefits of organic farming

• Economical farming

• Provides healthy food

• Safety to environment

• Source of employment

• Sustains soil fertility

Limitation of organic farming

• Less popular

• Low yield

• Shorter food life

• Limited crop choice

Sources of rural credit

1. Institutional source

2. Non Institutional source

Institutional sources

1. Cooperative credit

2. Commercial bank credit

3. Regional bank credit

4. NABARD

5. SHGs

6. Government

Measures to improve agricultural marketing

1. Regulated market

2. Infrastructural facility

3. Cooperative markets

4. Different policy instruments

Alternate marketing channels

• Origin of farmers market

• Alliance with national and multinational companies

Agricultural diversification

It is related to the change in cropping pattern or shift of workforce from agricultural sector to other related activities

Types of diversification

1. Crop production

2. Productive activities

Non farm areas of employment

• Animal husbandry

• Dairy ingredients

• Fisheries

• Horticulture

• IT

Animal husbandry

• India owns the largest livestock

• Provides employment to 70million small and marginal farmers

• Poultry accounts for 61% of the total livestock

• India had 303 million cattle including 110 Buffalo in 2019

• Silver Revolution (1969: worlds 3rd largest egg producers)

Dairy

• Operation Flood/White Revolution (1970)

• Milk production increased from 17million tones in 1950-51 to 198.4million in 2019-20

Major milk producing states

Gujrat,Maharashtra, MP,AP,UP,Rajasthan and Punjab

Fishery🐟

• Fishing community refers water bodies as “mother“

• Volume of fish production

  • 65% from inland source

  • 35% marine sector

• Share of Fishing in GDP(0.9%)

• Women participation

  • 60% in exporting market

  • 40% in internal market

Fish producing states

Bengal,Ap,kerala,Gujarat,maharashtra and Tamil nadu

Blue revolution

Also known as NEEL KRANTI MISSION…launched in 1985-1990 during 7th FYP

HIRALAL CHAUDHURI is considered as the pioneer of blue revolution

Horticulture

• Contribution

  • 6% of the total GDP

  • 1/3rd of value of agricultural output

• 2nd largest producer of fruits and vegetables

• Great scope for women employment

• Golden revolution (1991-2003)

  • Nirpak Tutej is considered to be the father of golden revolution

Benefits of rural banking

• Availability of adequate credit to farmers

• Loans to rural population

• Increase in the rural farm and non-farm output,incomes and employment

Problems faced by rural banking

• Insufficiency

• Dependency on informal credits

• Inadequate Amt of sanctions

• Less attention to poor and marginal farmers

• Inadequate coverage of institutional source

SHGs bank linkage program for micro finance

• By May 2019,6crore became member in 54lakh women SHGs

• ₹10,000-15,000 per SHG and another ₹2.5lakhs as community investment support funds are provided

Challenges for rural development

• Development of human resources

• Development of infrastructure

• Land reforms

• Alleviation of poverty

• Development of productive resources