Review Sheet 10: The Appendicular Skeleton

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

Deltoid tuberosity

arm bone

Humerus

bones of the shoulder girdle

clavicle and scapula

forearm bones

radius and ulna

scapular region to which the clavicle connects

acromion

shoulder girdle bone that is unattached to the axial skeleton

scapula

shoulder girdle bone that transmits forces from the upper limb to the

bony thorax clavivle

depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus

glenoid cavity

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

coracoid process

the "collarbone"

clavicle

distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna

trochlea

medial bone of forearm in anatomical position

ulna

rounded knob on the humerus; adjoins the radius

capitulum

anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, which receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

coronoid fossa

forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint

ulna

wrist bones

carpals

finger bones

phalanges

heads of these bones form the knuckles

metacarpals

small bump often called the funny bone

What is the total number of phalanges in the hand?

14

What is the total number of carpals in the wrist?

8

Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles by choosing appropriate descriptive terms

Pelvic:

flexibility most important

insecure axial and limb attachments

lightweight

Pectoral:

massive

secure axial and limb attachments

weight-bearing most important

What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle?

Uterus (female), bladder, small intestine, rectum

Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis

The true pelvis is the region inferior to the pelvic brim, which is encircled

by bone.

The false pelvis is the area medial to the flaring iliac bones and lies superior to the pelvic brim.

Deduce why the pelvic bones of a four-legged animal such as the cat or pig are much less massive than those of the human

The pelvic girdle does not have to carry the entire weight of the trunk in the quadruped animal.

A person instinctively curls over his abdominal area in times of danger. Why?

Abdominal area organs receive the least protection from the skeletal system.

What structural changes result in fallen arches?

a weakening of the tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the foot

fuse to form the coxal bone (3)

illium, ischium, and pubis

inferoposterior "bone" of the coxal bone

ischium

point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

pubic symphysis

superiormost margin of the coxal bone

illiac crest

deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

acetabulum

joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle

sacroiliac joint

longest, strongest bone in body

femur

thin lateral leg bone

fibula

heavy medial leg bone

tibia

bones forming knee joint (2)

femur and tibia

point where the patellar ligament attaches tibial tuberosity

kneecap

patella

shin bone

tibia

medial ankle projection

medial malleolus

lateral ankle projection

lateral malleolus

largest tarsal bone

calcaneus

ankle bones

tarsals

bones forming the instep of the foot

metatarsals

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

obturator foramen

sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur

gluteal tuberosity, greater and lesser trochanter

tarsal bone that "sits" on the calcaneus

talus

weight-bearing bone of the leg

tibia

tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia

talus