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Life Expectancy

Very low during the Renaissance due to contaminated water and diseases.

Agricultural Society

Most people were poor farmers in agricultural areas.

Religious Beliefs

Predominantly Catholic, with beliefs in spirits and supernatural elements.

Renaissance

A period of rebirth and celebration of human potential (1400-1499).

Printing Press

Revolutionized access to reading material, making it cheaper and more efficient.

Compass

Allowed sailors to navigate and determine direction.

Gunpowder

Used for intimidation and trade during the Renaissance.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Promoted Portuguese exploration and shipbuilding.

African Slave Trade

Began during the Renaissance; slavery was not hereditary at this time.

Christopher Columbus

Sailed for Spain in 1492, did not discover America, but initiated European interest in the New World.

Indigenous Population

Millions lived in America before Columbus; diseases from Europeans decimated their numbers.

Truths/Myths about Columbus

He revealed the world was larger than thought; he did not discover the world was round.

Reasons for Colonization

Profit, land, opportunity, and religious conversion (3Gs:Gold, Glory, God).

Native American Beliefs

Respected nature, had rituals, and did not believe in private property.

Government Structures

Varied among Native American tribes; some were matrilineal, others patrilineal.

Explorers after Columbus

Included Las Casas, Magellan, Cortes, De Vaca, Coronado, De Soto, and Balboa.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.

Mercantilism

Economic policy linking politics and economics; richer nations were more powerful.

Intentional Exotics

Horses, pigs, and wheat introduced to the New World.

Unintentional Exotics

Weeds and diseases brought from the Old World.

Quakers

Settled in Pennsylvania, known for their pacifism and religious tolerance.

Puritan Society

Centered around family, religion, and a lack of separation between church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan beliefs, leading to her exile for heretical views.

Metacom’s War

Conflict between Native Americans and Puritans, resulting in significant casualties and destruction.

Salem Witch Trials

Resulted from societal changes and fear, leading to mass hysteria and accusations of witchcraft.

John Smith

Key figure in Jamestown, forced colonists to work and improved relations with Native Americans.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A revolt against the Virginia government, highlighting class tensions and land disputes.

Triangular Trade

Trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods and enslaved people.

Slave Life

Enslaved individuals formed families and communities despite legal restrictions on marriage.

Great Awakening

Religious revival that emphasized personal faith and challenged traditional church authority.

Seven Years War

Conflict between British and French empires, leading to territorial changes in North America.

Proclamation of 1763

Restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains to protect Native lands.

No Taxation Without Representation

Colonial response to British taxes, emphasizing the need for representation in Parliament.

Sons of Liberty

Group formed to resist British taxation and promote colonial rights.