Exam 1 Dr. Champagne NEW Testament

Canon

Signifies a ruler or measuring stick

Muratorian Canon

earliest list of NT books

Justin Martyr

2nd century church father;Defended the OT as Christian scripture and indicated that the church regularly used the gospels in its worship alongside the OT

Iranaeus

2nd century church father, first clear designation of Christian writing as scripture and the first NT collection of Scriptures(gospels) separate from OT

Marcion

Heretical group who influenced in the canon

Gnoticism

Heretical group who influenced in the canon.

Montanism

Heretical group who influenced in the canon..

pseudonym christian writings

right belief was the standard applied to pseudepigraphy, as well as influence in the canon in the 3rd century.

Diocletian

Roman emperor who set out to destroy Christian Churches and Scriptures.

Eusebius

Church father and historian instrumental in setting forth catalogues or lists of sacred collections in the church

Constantine

Roman emperor who christianized the empire

Council of Laodicea

Listed 26 NT books omitting REVELATION

Letter of Athanasius

Earliest recorded list to contain all 27 NT books

What is the role of the church in establishing the canon?

recognizing what is scripture

What languague was the new testament (NT) originally written in?

Greek

Who/what influenced the canon in the 2d, 3d, 4th centuries?

2nd- fathers

3rd- heretical groups

4th- roman emperor and/or church father

Interestamental Period and Synonyms

Many extra-biblical records

make more accurate the interpretation of the new testament

Edict of King Cyrus

Allowing jews to go back to the homeland

Samaritan Schism

Samaritans separate from the Jewish nation

Phillip II of macedon

Unified cities like Athens and Sparta, penetrated Macedonia with greek culture

Alexander the Great

Conquered the whole world as far as India, Battle of Guagamela- Darius III (last king of persia)

Diadochi

the successors to Alexander the Great

Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Orders the translation of the OT into the Greek language- ( septuagint)

Septuangit LXX

OT into the greek languague

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

"God Manifest"

-raided temples

-becomes known as madman

Hellenism

another name of greek culture

Major developments of Persian Period (Aramaic language)

Aramaic language becomes the default language; Temple rebuilt in 538 BC and finished in 515 BC

Major contributions of Alexander the Great ( greek language and cities)

-infuatated with greek

-conquered the world up to india

-conquest of palestine

-battle of guagamela( last king of persia killed Darius III)

What two dynasties emerged as victors and rivals after Alexander the Great?

ptolemaic and seleucid dynasty

Ptolemaic highlights

Spread of hellenization, frowth of diaspora; translation of the septuagint, formal emergence of the jewish council sanhedrin.

Seleucid Period highlights

High priesthood perverted, Hellenization by force

Mattathias

Jewish rebel; Refused to sacrifice to pagan gods and killed a sympathizing Jew and an officer of the king

Maccabes

kwown as the darkest days of jewish history, restoration of temple worship

Hasmoneans

The name comes from Hasmoneus the great-grandfather of Mattathias

Hasideans

(pious ones) join forces with the Maccabees

Judas

took back the temple of worship in 164bc

Johnathan

High priesthood, general and governor

Simon

Tax exemption and political freedom( 142bc)

John Hyrcanus I

circumcised Idumeans and destroyed Samaritan Temple at Mt. Gerizim

Aristobulus I

first hasmonean king to take the title of king

Alexander Jannaeus

executed 800 pharisees

Salome Alexandra

Only jewish queen in the second-temple period

Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II

Brothers who fought for right to rule Jewish nation

Dates: Summary of Maccabean Period - darkest days in Jewish history

167-164 bc darkest days of jewish history

164bc restoration of the temple worship

159-152 highpriesthood vacant

152bc= hasmonean priesthood begins 142bc= tax exemption and roman senate recognizes hasmoneans dinasty

what is the origin of Hanukah

Feast of Dedication; Lighting of Lights, Jewish take back the temple

Antipater the Idumean

Father of herod the great

Herod the Great

king of Judea who (according to the New Testament) tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem (73-4 BC)

Archelaus

Son of herod, appointed ethnarch of judea, samaria, and idumea

Phillip

Herod son's , appointed tetrarch of northern trans-jordan

Herod Antipas

Appointed tetrarch of galilee and perea

Herod Agrippa I

grandson of herod and mariamme, james beheaded, peter imprisoned

Herod agrippa II

Great-grandson of herod, last of the herods

Josephus

jewish general, predicts Vespasians rise to power

Pompey

first roman to come to judea

Octavian

Agustus(revered one), emperor under whom jesus was born

Pax Romana

roman peace provided by roman army

Tiberius

commited to preserving the satus quo in the empire, reigned during jesus ministry and execution

Gaisu Caligula

Known as little boots, wanted to erect a statue of himself

Claudius

Conquered Britain

Nero

Quinquineum ''five good years'' , persecuted christians in rome- peter and paul martyred

Redivivus Legend

Belief that Nero would come back to life or that he was alive and coming back with the Parthians

Vespasians

Flavian Dynasty, and ended jewish war via his son titus

Titus

Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius; opened roman coliseum

Domitian

Setting the book of Revelation

Lucius Quietus

Roman general who puts down Jewish revolt during 115-117

Hadrian

Roman emperor instigates second jewish-roman war

Simon Bar Kosiba/Bar Kokhba

son of the star- jewish leader

Gessius Florus

Roman governor responsible for igniting the jewish revolt

When was Herod named King of Judah by the Roman senate?

40bc

First Jewish-Roman War

AD 66-70

Quietus war

115-117 AD

Second Jewish-Roman War

AD 132-135

First Jewish-Roman war (How did it begin and end? Who were the major Roman and Jewish Personalities? What were some of the consequences?)

Began because of a conflict over a synagogue in Caesarea, ended When Titus captures and destroys Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70; Sicarii and Zealots, Vespasian, Josephus, and Titus; Palestine depopulated and political system lost, Jewish sects vanish except for Pharisees

Septuagint (LXX)

Greek translation of the OT

apocrypha

collection of 13 jewish writings; means hidden

Pseudepigrapha

From the Greek, literally meaning "false writings"

Philo

First-century Jewish writer from alexandria egypt

Josephus

First century jewish from jerusalem

Dead Sea Scrolls

Collection of jewish writings, oldest manuscripts of the OT

Mishnah

Oral law

Talmud

Complete body of jewish Oral law

Targums

Aramaic translations or paraphrases of the OT

Pharisees

Names from hebrew parash- one who separates

Sadducees

Names from hebrew sadduk- just or righteous

Essenes

arose during the time of the maccabees and hasmoneans

Herodians

Mentioned 3 times in the NT

Zealots

Simon a disciple of jesus is identified as THE ZEALOT

Sicarii

Jewish assassins

Am ha-Aretz

people of the land

who are the three NT personalities mentioned by Josephus

john the babtist, jesus, and james

Synagogue

Place for teaching of jesus and paul, aspects of worship such as reading scripture and sermon.

Scribes

Professional class known as " teachers of the law" or "lawyers"

Sanhedrin

referring to counsil of diverse kinds, both local and national

High Priest

head of the Snahedrin

temple

Center of isarels social, religious, political, and economic life

Levites and Priests

Offered daily sacrifices, maintained temple grounds, descendants of aaron

priests- served as assistants to the priests in the service of the temple

Jewish Festivals

Passover(pesach)

unleavened bread( chag hamotzi)

Pentecost(shavu'ot)

tabernacles

trumpets

Day of atonement

dedication

purim