The Bibble - Payton's APUSH Notes

Addams

________ takes a pragmatic approach to resolve problems of slums (mostly immigrants) → seeks practical solutions to fill the needs of the working poor.

Stono Rebellion

________ is most serious slave uprising during colonial period, was severely crushed.

Grange

________ usually attracts larger, more prosperous farmers, whose isolation and individualism makes them weak against monopolistic alliances of big business and government.

Upton Sinclair

________ intended to write The Jungle to spread socialist ideas, however it ended up being more effective as a muckraking account of Chicagos meatpacking industry.

English Civil War

During ________, 4 NE colonies create the New England Confederacy for joint defense against other colonies and natives.

Imperialism

________ due to desire for national power, commercial interest, sense of cultural superiority, christian missionary tendencies.

Elasticity of money

________ and credit supply allows for stability.

Jonathan Edwards

Sinners in the hands of an Angry God= "________ was powerful orator who did "Sinner in the hands of an Angry God "speech, spreading the idea that penitence will lead to salvation and ignorance will lead to damnation, created fear of going to hell-- Women typically experience holy spirit more powerfully → Public expressions of female piety.

Revenue Act

Though Roosevelt preferred taxes to borrowing (and passed a(n) ________ which made everyone a taxpayer), taxes only covered half of the war cost.

Taft Hartley Act

________: (Passes over Truman's veto) Outlaws closed shop, permits states to outlaw Union shop.

Germans

________ overwhelm the Maginot line, invading France and making Britain the only major democratic nation free of dictatorial control.

Sun Belt

Military spending during the Cold War facilitated the shifting of influence, as the ________ gained both industrial development and a newfound political influence.

Baruch sets

________ priorities and issues production quotas to industries based on the US and Allied needs.

female subordination

Women= Does not change ________, but women begin to recognize that they deserve a place too.

Nativism

________: Anti- Catholic, Anti- Immigration, advocate govt restrictions on immigration, stricter naturalization period, workplaces that exclude immigrant labor → main concern was reserving opportunities for Americans → fear of immigrants taking all of the jobs and opportunities.

Stamp Act

________ Congress /non- importation= Declaration of Rights and Grievances explains that parliament has a right to regulate trade but not to tax.

aerial bombardment of North

Operation Rolling Thunder: This was a prolonged air attack in which the U.S. pursued ________ Vietnamese targets.

private investors

The role of government: Railroads built by ________, govt provides land grants, zloans, subsidies to encourage unity through expansion.

Elkins Act

________: Makes it illegal for RailRoads to give or take secret rebates to favorites.

Initiative

________: If voters petition to have a measure put on a ballot, then the electorate can vote on it.

Phyllis Schlafly

________: Staunchly opposed to feminist movement- believed that women belonged in domestic sphere.

Silent Majority

The ________: "Conservative Americans, who were largely Republicans, southern whites, northern Catholics, and suburbanites, who disagree with the liberalism of the party.

natural selection

Applies evolutionary theory to social world, to explain class divisions and wealth disparities → "________ "→ basically a moral justification for imperialism, elitism, racism.

Russian Communism

End of the Cold War: Reagan succeeded in bringing about an end to the Cold War, although this was partially luck b /c he (Gorbachev) happened to be president as the Soviet Union was dissolved and ________ came to an end.

Peace Corps

________: The program created a group of volunteers for international humanitarian efforts, especially the use of labor force to develop infrastructure.

Malcolm X

________ led the Black Muslims, who sought to form a new cultural identity while advocating self defense and the use of black violence to counter white aggression.

Cubas

During ________ movement for independence, Spanish suppression of the revolt often culminated in death, disease, and decimation of the Cuban population.

Newlands Reclamation Act

________: Designed to bring water to arid western states through irrigation systems and dams, funded by the sale of lands.

John OSullivan

________ (Democrat columnist) coined the term manifest destiny, a religious /moral justification for westward expansion as a God- given destiny to establish a continental United States and to spread American institutions.

Pusan

________ and Inchon: At ________ in the Southeast and Inchon in the North, the UN forces attacked simultaneously, successfully forcing the North Koreans back over the 38 parallel.

Horizontal consolidation

________ is the practice of consolidating enterprises through mergers between similar firms.

Indian Removal Act

________ relocated native americans to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Kent State Incident

The ________ occurred when college students were killed during a protest of the Cambodian incursion by federal troops.

NATO

________: North Atlantic Treaty Organization- A military alliance for defending all members from outside attack.

KKK

The ________ attacked blacks, Catholics, Jews, foreigners, and Communists.

David Walker Appeal

________ to the Colored Citizens: Calls for immediate end of slavery through physical revolt to destroy white supremacy.

Eisenhower Doctrine

________: The United States pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by Communism.

Democratic party

________ unites a variety of elements- Ethnic groups, middle class voters, intellectuals, labor unions, African Americans.

Lincoln

________ requires victory to act in emancipating the slaves.

Platt Amendment

The ________ limits Cuban self governance by stating (1) Cuba could never sign a treaty with a foreign power which impaired its independence (2) Allowance of U.S. interventionism to preserve independence and maintain law and order (3) Allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases on the island-- Guantanamo Bay.

American Temperance Union

________: Attempts to end drunkenness-- negative bodily /familial effects → poverty, importance of sobriety in industrial landscape.

Monroe Doctrine

The ________ prohibited European intervention, thus providing Roosevelt with the opportunity and justification for intervening in Latin America.

LBJ

________ and Vietnam: In the U.S. governments desire to prevent the spread of Communism, it waged a war in Vietnam, which ended up wasting American lives and being a massive failure.

false hopes

Allen Ginsberg: Wrote about ________ and broken promises.

Credibility Gap

________: "A number of actions by the government [My Lai Massacre, Tet Offensive, Pentagon Papers, Watergate] made U.S. citizens less trusting of their government.

nomadic hunters

Great Plains settlements= Either ________ (buffalo provide for way of life) or sedentary farmers (lived along rivers, used agriculture to trade w /other tribes)

Hoover

________ limited what Americans on the homefront could eat in order to provide more food to Americans overseas.

social hierarchy

Slaves are lowest in ________.

Hitlers

________ regime in Germany was based on scapegoating Jews for the post war state of Germany.

"Sinners in the hands of an Angry God" = Jonathan Edwards was powerful orator who did "Sinner in the hands of an Angry God" speech, spreading the idea that penitence will lead to salvation and ignorance will lead to damnation, created fear of going to hell

- Women typically experience holy spirit more powerfully → Public expressions of female piety

1st Continental Congress endorses Suffolk Resolves

- calls for repeal of Coercive Acts, MA arm for defense, boycotts

Last attempt to resolve conflict peaceably → pledge of loyalty and attempt to secure colonial rights

- King refuses to even open it

Natural rights

- the idea of unalienable rights influenced the Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights which is essentially an enumeration of the rights of Americans → equality under the law

Declares U.S. neither supports Britain nor France

- GW chooses not to declare Treaty of Alliance void like AH wants nor use Treaty of Alliance as bargaining point like TJ wants

Jackson favors his friends with positions and appointments

- reward for loyalty-

RR's

Reduce transportation costs, encourage settlement in west, aids in expansion of commercial agriculture, create new markets for railroad equipment (iron, etc)

Maine Laws

Prohibit sale of alcohol w/in state

Oneida Community / John Humphrey Noyes

Shared sexual partners "free love" w/ communal living

David Walker Appeal to the Colored Citizens

Calls for immediate end of slavery through physical revolt to destroy white supremacy

Garrison, pacifist abolitionist, creates abolitionist newspaper calling for immediate elimination of slavery

- Gradualism → abolitionism

Sam Houston leads heroic "Remember the Alamo" victory, in which de Santa Anna is captured and forced to recognize Texas independence

- b/c he acted as a dictator (independently from Mexican Congress) → later complications

South

17-50, exemption by paying 500$ or bombproof jobs or by having a certain amount of slaves or by finding able bodied non draft age substitute → "Rich mans war, poor mans fight"

Role of African Americans

After emancipation proclamation, slaves join Union forces

Role of women

Conscription meant that most men were forced to leave their homes, forcing women into their roles

The role of government

Railroads built by private investors, govt provides land grants, zloans, subsidies to encourage unity through expansion

Business practices

Up to date equipment, buys out struggling companies during recessions, encourages continual innovation to reduce operating costs

Local government

- committeemen and district captains led by political boss who awards patronage (jobs, favors) to loyal supporters and engages in corrupt actions while simultaneously providing necessary services to improve urban areas

Reasons for immigration

(Push) Famine, lack of opportunity, racial/religious/political persecution, compulsory military service (Pull) Propaganda, recruiting agents, Contract Labor Act, general idea of big business promoting immigration so as to build a large supply of cheap labor to exploit b/c immigrants have no other options → easier to exploit

Nativism

Anti-Catholic, Anti-Immigration, advocate govt restrictions on immigration, stricter naturalization period, workplaces that exclude immigrant labor → main concern was reserving opportunities for Americans → fear of immigrants taking all of the jobs and opportunities

Reasons for agrarian revolt

Farmers were in debt b/c big businesses charged high middleman fees, lack of govt support/regulation for common people → laissez faire, divine inspiration/religious influence

Free and unlimited coinage

Populists advocated increasing the money supply by allowing for both silver and gold coins → inflation → easier to pay off debts

Sand Creek Massacre

At Sand Creek, an untrained militia attacks a peaceful Indian camp carrying a white flag of truce

USS Maine/Remember the Maine

The American ship the USS Maine docked in Havana harbor

National glory (desire to compete with Europeans

- Social Darwinian justifications)

The Platt Amendment limits Cuban self governance by stating (1) Cuba could never sign a treaty with a foreign power which impaired its independence (2) Allowance of U.S. interventionism to preserve independence and maintain law and order (3) Allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases on the island

- Guantanamo Bay

Initiative

If voters petition to have a measure put on a ballot, then the electorate can vote on it

18th Amendment

Prohibitionist efforts culminated in the 18th amendment, which prohibited alcoholic beverages in the United States

Elkins Act

Makes it illegal for RailRoads to give or take secret rebates to favorites

Newlands Reclamation Act

Designed to bring water to arid western states through irrigation systems and dams, funded by the sale of lands

Wilsons response is strongly worded

- "strict accountability" for German continuity of disrespect for naval neutrality, reparations, abandonment of submarine warfare

Convicted despite lack of concrete evidence

- many believed they had been framed for their anarchism and ethnicity

Growth of Radio and Movies

Movies become foremost entertainment form, however they also evolved into a form of social commentary

Open Shop

Policy adopted by employers where they can hire union or non-union workers

Buying stock on margin/stock speculation

Buying on a margin allowed people to make a small down payment and borrow the rest of the cost of the stock from a broker

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Under National Industrial Recovery Act, sets industry wide codes created by employers and union officials mandating certain working conditions and hours

Democratic party unites a variety of elements

Ethnic groups, middle class voters, intellectuals, labor unions, African Americans

Taft Hartley Act

(Passes over Truman's veto) Outlaws closed shop, permits states to outlaw Union shop

Pusan and Inchon

At Pusan in the Southeast and Inchon in the North, the UN forces attacked simultaneously, successfully forcing the North Koreans back over the 38 parallel

Alger Hiss

A former State Department worker was accused by former Soviet spy, Whittaker Chambers of leading a Soviet spy ring and leaking secret government documents

Eisenhower Doctrine

The United States pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by Communism

Military Industrial Complex

In his farewell address, Eisenhower warned against a military industrial complex

Post WWII Consumerism

During the war, there had been few consumer goods due to wartime shortages

Growth of the Suburbs

There was a mass migration to the suburbs after the war

Allen Ginsberg

Wrote about false hopes and broken promises

Growth of Rock and Roll/Elvis

Elvis Presley was a rock and roll start

Brown vs. Board of Education

This ruling establishes that the segregation of black children in public schools is unconstitutional because it violates the 14th Amendments equal protection of the law

MLK Jr. / SCLC

To keep the spirit of the civil rights movement alive, Martin Luther King started the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which served as an organizational force for ministers and churches

Election of 1960

This election was symbolic in its transfer of power from conservative Republicans to liberal Democrats

Peace Corps

The program created a group of volunteers for international humanitarian efforts, especially the use of labor force to develop infrastructure

Escobedo v. Illinois

Arrested persons have the right to have legal counsel present while they're being questioned by the police