Studied by 8 people
Democratic-Republicans
one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the people; strong state government, economy based on agriculture; strict interpretation of the Constitution, French alliance and were opposed to the National Bank; leaders were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Federalists
one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the wealthy; strong federal government; economy based on manufacturing; loose interpretation of the Constitution, British alliance and supported the National Bank; leaders were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
John Adams
2nd POTUS; Federalists; served only one term; dealt with the XYZ Affair; approved the Alien and Sedition Acts and eventually made peace with France
XYZ Affair
Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French would no longer attack American ships; led Congress to cancel all treaties with France and prepare for war (eventually settled without war)
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws passed during John Adams administration that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies; Alien Acts targeted French immigrants who sided with Democratic Republicans and the Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the government and its policies (violation of 1st amendment)
Election of 1800
Adams, Jefferson, and Burr: Adams lost, Jefferson and Burr tied, Hamilton convinced other Federalists to vote for Jefferson to break the tie
Thomas Jefferson
3rd POTUS; Democratic-Republican; took steps to reduce the size and power of the federal government including reducing size of military and reducing number of federal employees
Midnight Judges
judges appointed to Supreme Court by Adams in the last days of his presidency to retain Federalist power in the Judicial Brnach; John Marshall among those appointed
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams; under his leadership the court established the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power
Marbury v. Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Judicial review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
1803
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France; Jefferson hesitated before agreeing to purchase the land for $15 million because it was not a power granted in the Constitution but eventually agreed to the deal which doubled the size of the US.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Emperor of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the US in order to finance his wars
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition traveled up the Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps (geographic info) of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries.
Meriwether Lewis
documented most of the plant and animal scientific discoveries while exploring the Louisiana Purchase
William Clark
A skilled mapmaker and outdoors man chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory; created accurate maps of the region
Sacagawea
She accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition and made important contributions to their success: she helped guide the expedition through unfamiliar territory and she helped translate when the expedition encountered Indian tribes.
Zebulon Pike
explored southern parts of Louisiana Territory and brought back descriptions of the Great Plains and Rio Grande Valley
Aaron Burr
Tied with Thomas Jefferson in the Electoral College in the Election of 1800; became VP when House of Representatives named Jefferson POTUS. He was a bitter opponent of Alexander Hamilton, whom he killed in a duel.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson and Madison wrote these protests in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts which they felt violated individual rights; they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
states rights
theory supported by Jefferson and Madison; the belief that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government and nullify federal laws the state considers unconstitutional
New Orleans
important port city at mouth of Mississippi River; Jefferson offered to buy it after it was closed to US but Napoleon offered to sell US all of Louisiana Territory instead
nullify
to repeal, cancel, render void
Embargo Act
Jefferson's plan to use trade as a weapon against France and Britain; cut off US trade with rest of the world; terrible results on American economy - farmers, shippers, merchants lost lots of money!
James Madison
POTUS #4; Democratic-Republican; POTUS during War of 1812
impressment
kidnapping of sailors and forcing them into naval duty for another nation: what the British were doing to US sailors - one of the causes of the War of 1812
War Hawks
Congressmen who were urging war to be declared against the British in the early 1800s
Causes War of 1812
I-Impressment of US sailors
S- Ships were being attacked
S- Support to Native Americans
Francis Scott Key
wrote the Star Spangled Banner; inspired after he watched the all-night Battle of Fort McHenry
Battle of New Orleans
War of 1812 battle that was unnecessary because treaty had already been signed; Americans won the battle despite being outgunned and outmanned; important because US Gen. Andrew Jackson became a national hero
Treaty of Ghent
ended the War of 1812; neither US nor Great Britain gained any territory as a result of the war
Results of War of 1812
W- Weakened Native American resistance
I- Industry/manufacturing increased
N- Nationalism/patriotism for USA
Tecumseh
Native American chief who united Northwest tribes (Join or Die) against white settlement; allied with the British; was killed in Battle of Tippecanoe which caused the confederation of tribes to weaken
2 phases of War of 1812
1st: still fighting France; blockaded US coast
2nd: defeated France; turned attention on US
Andrew Jackson
hero of Battle of New Orleans; defeated British against great odds; became famous and will eventually become POTUS
Fort McHenry
battle here inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem "The Star Spangled Banner" which would eventually be set to music and would become the US national anthem
Star Spangled Banner
US national anthem; written by Francis Scott Key after he witnessed the all night battle at Fort McHenry
Washington DC
US capital attacked by the British during the war of 1812; they burned the President's Executive Mansion (White House), the Capital Building and other important government buildings
Missouri River
Lewis and Clark traveled on the river until they found its source in the Rocky Mountains
Pacific Ocean
Lewis and Clark eventually reached this ocean
Rocky Mountains
Lewis and Clark crossed this mountain range first; they would also have to cross the Cascade Range before reaching the west coast
strict construction
way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take
elastic clause
a statement in the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws" necessary and proper" for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.
1607
founding of Jamestown, Virginia; first permenant
1776
year Declaration of Independence was written; stated all men are created equal and have unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
1620
Pilgrims arrived and wrote the Mayflower Compact; based on ideas of self-government and majority rule
1787
year the US Constitution was written in Philadelphia establishing a new government with 3 branches
Note 
Flashcard (44)