Charles Darwin and Genetic Variations

Charles Darwin

A naturalist who made observations about living things

Observations

Great diversity in the same species found in different places

Genetics

How species can survive in an environment through alleles

Population

A group of one species in a certain place

New Genetic Variations

Mutation, gene flow, and sexual reproduction

Mutation

A new phenotype often caused by many mutations

Gene Flow

Passing of genes from different populations

Sexual Reproduction

Genes are shuffled during meiosis when chromosomes cross over

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Allele frequencies in a population remain constant unless a factor causes them to change

Genetic Equilibrium

No mutations, no immigration, no natural selection, no random mating, and a large population

Directional Selection

One extreme phenotype is better suited for the environment

Stabilizing Selection

The intermediate phenotypes show the best fitness

Disruptive Selection

The intermediate phenotype is least fit