Synthetic routes
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10 Terms
1
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Free radical substitution with a halogen - needs UV light.
Alkane → Haloalkane
2
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Hydrogenation at 150 degrees Celsius with hydrogen and a nickel catalyst.
Alkene → Alkane
3
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Electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide.
Alkene → Haloalkane
4
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Nucleophilic substitution - heat under reflux with aqueous NaOH.
Haloalkane → Alcohol
5
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Hydrolysis - NaX and H2SO4.
Alcohol → Haloalkane
6
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Hydration with steam and H2SO4.
Alkene → Alcohol
7
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Dehydration with Al2O3 or a concentrated acid
Alcohol → Alkene
8
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Distillation of primary alcohol with Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Alcohol → Aldehyde
9
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Heat primary alcohol under reflux with Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Alcohol → Carboxylic acid
10
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Heat secondary alcohol under reflux with Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Alcohol → Ketone