Geography Unit 2 Test

Primary Industry

Raw materials gathered from nature, such as fishing, forestry, mining, and farming.

Secondary Industry

Involves processing or manufacturing activities, including factories and food processing.

Tertiary Industry

Provision of services including professions like teachers, doctors, retail, and transportation.

Quaternary Industry

Knowledge and technology sectors, encompassing research, IT, media, and tech.

Basic Industries

Industries that bring money into the community from outside sources like mining, oil and gas, and tourism.

Non-basic Industries

Industries where money stays within and circulates throughout the local community, such as grocery stores and schools.

Clear Cutting

An inexpensive and fast harvesting method that results in habitat loss and soil erosion.

Selective Logging

A harvesting method that causes less environmental damage but is more expensive and slower.

Environmental Impacts of Forestry

Includes deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and increased carbon emissions.

Invasive Species: Pine Beetle

A species that kills trees, weakens forest health, and increases wildfire risk.

Travel Motivations

Reasons for travel, including holidays, family visits, business, and education.

Canadian Attractions

Includes national parks, major cities, cultural festivals, and sports events.

COVID-19 Impact on Tourism

Led to travel restrictions, job losses, and decreased tourism income.

Pros of Sports Tourism

Includes job creation, international recognition, and improved infrastructure.

Cons of Sports Tourism

Includes high operational costs, environmental damage, and underutilized facilities post-event.

Renewable Energy

Resources that can be naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydro energy.

Non-Renewable Energy

Resources in limited supply like coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy.

Flow Resources

Sustainable energy sources including geothermal, biomass, nuclear, solar, wind, tidal, and hydro-electric.

Economic Geographic Perspective

Focuses on jobs, money, and trade.

Social Geographic Perspective

Focuses on quality of life, communities, and health.

Environmental Geographic Perspective

Focuses on pollution, ecosystems, and sustainability.

Political Geographic Perspective

Focuses on laws, government decisions, and regulations.

Imports

Goods brought into the country, such as electronics, vehicles, and clothing.

Exports

Goods sent out of the country, like oil, lumber, minerals, and wheat.

Free Trade

A system with fewer barriers, resulting in cheaper goods.

Tariffs

Taxes on imports that encourage local purchasing.

Mining

Industry that provides raw materials and supports manufacturing.

Surface Mining

Cheaper and safer mining method, but causes significant land damage.

Underground Mining

Mining method that causes less surface damage but is more dangerous and expensive.

Fishing Types

Includes inshore fishing with small boats and offshore fishing with large boats.

Cod Industry Change

The collapse of the cod industry in the 1990s, leading to job losses and fishing bans.