Nervous System tissue and spinal cord

What is the central nervous system? What does it do?

This nervous system is made up by the brain and the spinal cord. It is in charge of body awareness, movement, thinking and the five senses

What is the peripheral nervous system? What does it do?

This nervous system contains the nerves that branch off of the spinal cord. It is in charge of carrying messages to and from the central nervous system.

What does sensory (afferent) division mean?

It transmits sensory information from the body’s receptors to the central nervous system for processing

What does Motor (efferent) division mean?

Transmits signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling movement and regulating involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

What is the somatic nervous system? What does it do?

It is apart of the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles and conveying sensory information from the body to brain

What is the autonomic nervous system? What does it do?

Regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion

What does the parasympathetic division and the sympathetic division belong to?

The Autonomic nervous system

What does the cell body do for the neuron?

Its the neurons metabolic and information processing center, it synthesizes proteins and recieves/integrates signals

What does the dendrite do for the neuron?

Receives signals from other neurons, transmitting them towards the cell body for processing

What does the axon do for the neuron?

Transmit information between neurons and away from muscles and gland

What does the nucleolus do for the neuron?

Crucial for ribosome biogenesis, essential for tyhe growth of developing neurons, neurite morphogenesis, and long term maintenance of mature neurons as well as contrubuting to neuronal stress responses

What is a nerve?

A bundle of specialized cells called neurons that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body

What is a ganglion plexus?

a network of interconnected clusters of autonomic ganglia, specifically within the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system

What is the difference between a neuron and a glial cell?

Neurons are the primary cells responsible to transmitting signals in the nervous system

Glial cells support and protect neurons, providing structural and metabolic support which plays a role in maintaining the nervous systems environment

What glial cells does the Central nervous system use?

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglial cells

What glial cells does the Peripheral nervous system use?

Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes, satellite cells and myleination

Where do the mengies start and end?

They start at the foramen magnum and extend down the spinal cord to the filum terminale which is a thick fibrous strand

Where does the dura matter start and end?

starts at the foramen magnum ( opening at the base of the skull) and extends down to the second sacral vertebra

Where does the arachnoid matter start and end?

starts at the base of the skull and extends down the spinal canal and it ends at the second sacral vertebra

Where does the pia matter start and end?

starts at the foramen magnum and extends along the spinal cord, ending as the filum terminale at the level of the coccyx

Where does the epidural start and end?

In the lower back, just outside the dura matter

Where does the subdural start and end?

between the dura matter and the arachnoid matter

Where does the subarachnoid start and end?

starts at the foramen magnum and extends to the level of the S2 vertebra

Where does the white matter start and end?

found deep within and underneath the gray matter of the cerebral cortex

Where does the Gray matter start and end?

forms the outer layer of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Also exists in deeper structures like the thalamus and basal ganglia

Where does the Lateral column (funiculus) start and end?

starts at the cervical and ends at the lumbar region

Where does the posterior column start and end?

starts in the spinal cord and ends up in the primary somatosensory cortex in the brain

What is the anterior column?

the front part of the spinal column, encompassing the anterior vertebral body, anterior annulus fibrosus, and the anterior longitudial ligament

Where does the posterior horn start and end? What is its function?

the function is to receive and process sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception and vibration

Where does the anterior horn start and end? What is its function?

sending motor commands from the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

Where does the lateral horn of gray matter start and end? What is the function?

found in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions. It is a key component of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. it contains the cell bodies of motor neurons

What is the dorsal spinal never? What axons does it contain?

Contains sensory axons.

Where is the ventral root spinal nerve? What axon does it contain?

Contains motor axons

Where is the dorsal root ganglion? What does it do?

Located on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve near the spinal cord, within the intervertebral foramina. Its action is a cluster of nerve cell bodies located along the spinal column

What nerve is associated with the cervical plexus?

Phrenic nerve

What nerve is associated with the brachial plexus?

Radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve

What nerve is associated with the Lumbar plexus?

Femoral nerve and the obturator nerve

What nerves are associated with the sacral plexus?

Sciatic nerve (ischiadic)

Branches into tibial and common fibular nerves