GENETICS-PRELIM

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20 Terms

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Genetics

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

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Chromosome

A structure within cells that contains DNA and genetic information.

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Gene

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.

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Allele

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus.

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Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

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Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

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Phenotype

The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism.

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Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

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Mitosis

A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces four haploid cells, such as gametes, with half the number of chromosomes.

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Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring from a genetic cross.

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Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross examining two traits, each represented by two alleles.

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Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

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Independent Assortment

The principle stating that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

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CRISPR-Cas

A powerful genetic editing tool used to precisely modify DNA sequences within organisms.

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Transgenic Organisms

Organisms that contain genes from other species, often used in research and biotechnology.

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Karyotype

A visual representation of the complete set of chromosomes in an organism.

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Gamete

A haploid reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg, that fuses with another gamete during fertilization.

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Bioinformatics

The application of computer technology to the management and analysis of biological data.