Domain containing organisms with eukaryotic cells, such as plants, animals and fungi.
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Archaea
Domain containing ancient bacteria with unusual metabolisms.
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Extremophiles
Live in extreme conditions that humans couldnāt survive, such as high temperatures and lack of oxygen.
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Eubacteria
Domain containing familar bacteria, such as E.coli
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Protista
Kingdom that contains organisms that can be multi or single celled organisms, and may have animal or plant like cells, or both. They can have chloroplasts, vacuoles, cellulose cell walls and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
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Plantae
Kingdom that contains organisms that can reproduce via seeds or spores, based on whether they are flowering or not. They are multicellular, have permanent vacuoles, cellulose cell walls and are autotrophic.
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Animalia
Kingdom that contains organisms that are multicellular, with temporary small vacuoles, no cell wall and are heterotrophic.
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Fungi
Kingdom that contains organisms that can be single celled or hyphal, meaning that they are connected through branches. They have permanent vacuoles, chitin cell walls and can be either saprotrophic or parasitic.
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Prokaryotic
Kingdom that contains organisms that microscopic, single-celled, some have mesosomes and photosynthetic lamellae, peptidoglycan cell walls and can be parasitic, saprotrophic or autotrophic.
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Chordata
Phylum that means backbone.
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Phylogenetic
A form of classification based of evolutionary links between species.
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Cladograms
Phylogenetic trees, show the closest common ancestor between species.
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LUCA
Last universal common ancestor.
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Homologous
Structures with a similar origin but different function.
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Analogous
Structures with a different origin but the same function.
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Divergent
Evolution where organisms with similar origins evolve to have different traits.
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Convergent
Evolution where organisms with different origins evolve similar traits.
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DNA hybridisation
DNA is mixed from two different species, once the strands are separated and cut into fragments. They mix where there are complementary base pairings.
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Immunology
Mixing the antigens of one species with the antibodies of another species, the more coagulation the closer the relation.
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Biodiversity
The more different species and the amounts of these different species.
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Succession
Organisms changing their habitat, making it more suitable for other populations.
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Natural selection
Process of adaptation that happens due to mutations.
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Simpsonās biodiversity index
Counting the different species in an area and their amounts and using a calculation to figure out the amount of biodiversity, the highest being one.
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Lincolnās index
Also known as capture-recapture technique, where an amount of a species is captured and marked, and then an amount is recaptured once the marked have time to integrate. Then the amount recaptured that were marked is captured, and a mathematical equation is used to calculate the amount of that species in an area.
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Anatomical
Adaptative traits which animals are born with, such as dolphins having streamlined bodies for swimming.
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Physiological
Adaptative traits which involve temporary states the organism goes through, such as hedgehogs hibernating.
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Behavioural
Adaptative traits which change an animals behaviour, such as bird migration.
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Locus
A geneās position on a chromosome.
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Polymorphism
A locus with two or more alleles, with the rarest occuring more than could be accounted for by mutations.
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DNA fingerprinting
Comparing the genetic profiles of organisms by comparing the number and position of the bands in their DNA profile.
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SNP
What a one base difference is known as.
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HVR or STR
Regions of DNA that vary, between 20-40 base sequences long and often repeated many times.
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Species richness
Term describing the element of biodiversity that focuses on the amount of different species.
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Species evenness
Term describing the element of biodiversity that focuses on the number of organisms within each species.