CS Chapter 2: Binary Values & Number Systems

Number

A mathematical symbol used to count, measure, and label.

Natural Number

Whole numbers from 1 upwards.

Negative Number

Whole numbers less than 0.

Integer

Whole numbers of any sign—can be negative or positive.

Rational Number

Any number that is made by dividing one whole number by another.

Base

An exponent

Positional Notation

The ‘places’ or a number, that get larger the more you go left.

Polynomial

An expression with multiple terms, and can include constants, variables, and exponents.

Binary

The number system where there is an exponent of 2.

Octal

The number system where there is an exponent of 8.

Hexadecimal

The number system where there is an exponent of 16.

Binary Digit (Bit)

The smallest unit of data a computer can process, use, and store.

Byte

A group of 8 bits.

Words

A group of bytes.

Algorithm

A logical sequence of steps that solves a problem.